Note: This article is currently under review. Please send me your comments.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-0-0.TXT
To obtain similar information before your departure, you can call: (202) 647 5225 (USA). This is a 24-hour service.
To obtain information about immunization requirements, call: (404) 332 4559. Have pen and paper ready with you.
April 29, 1993
Country Description: Bulgaria is a moderately developed European nation undergoing profound political and economic changes. Impassioned debate, political rallies, and periods of strike activity are regular features of the scene. They do not typically pose a threat to U.S. citizens. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, aveloped, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available.
Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist visits of less than 30 days. An AIDS test is required for those staying more than one month for purposes of study or work; U.S. tests are not accepted. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria at 1621 22nd Street N.W., Washington, D.Cton , D.C. 20008, Tel: (202) 387-7969.
Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Some medicines are in short supply. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559.
Crime Information: Bulgaria has a low rate of violent crime. Recently, however, street crime has increased, especially at night near major hotels and restaurants. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The Department of State's pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Eastern Europe" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. They provide information on travel to the region and protecting personal security while traveling abroad.
Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines.
Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Bulgaria.
Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, is located at 1 Suborna (formerly 1 A. Stamboliski Boulevard); telephone (359-2) 88-48-01 to -05 . The Consular Section of the Embassy is located at 1 Kapitan Andreev Street in Sofia; telephone numbers are the same.
No. 93-067
This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 7, 1992, to give the new address of the U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, and to add information on reporting the loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport.
Sofia, the capital, is the largest city with a population of 1.3 million and a dominant position in the country's economic, political, and cultural life.
The St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia is the oldest university in Bulgaria, having been granted its charter in 1909, and is the largest and most advanced educational and research center in the country. Students can select among fifty programs in the Humanities and Sciences, Social Sciences, and Business Administration. More than 20,000 students were enrolled in the sixteen faculties of the university during the 1992/1993 academic year.
The main building of the University, which is architecturally one of the most remarkable buildings in Sofia, was designed by the French architect Breanson.
The University Library plays an important part in the history of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia. The Library stock of books exceeds 1.5 mln volumes.
Among the other higher educational institutions of Sofia are: The University of National and World Economics, The Higher Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The Medical Academy, The Academy of Fine Arts, The Higher School of Drama and many more.
Plovdiv, the second largest city in Bulgaria, is located in the Thracian Plain in Southern Bulgaria. Plovdiv was built on seven hills along the Maritsa River, and its ancient history and especially its picturesque old town, lend the city a characteristic charm.
The University of Plovdiv was established in 1961. During the 30-year period of its existence, the University of Plovdiv has grown into a presti- gious institution of higher education offering a variety of majors combined with teacher training.
Varna (ancient Odessos), is the third largest city and is often referred to as the sea capital of Bulgaria. It is internationally famous for its seaside resorts of Zlatni Pyassatsi (Golden Sands) and St. Constantine.
Varna is a university city as well, with the following major higher institu- tions: The Higher Institute of Economics and The Varna Polytechnic.
Veliko Turnovo, the former medieval capital of Bulgaria, is a university town in North-Central Bulgaria, also famous for its archaeological and architectural heritage. The Sts. Cyril and Methodius University is the second well-established University in Bulgaria with over 10,000 students.
Blagoevgrad, about 100 km south of Sofia, is known for the American Univer- sity in Bulgaria (AUBG), founded there in 1990 and the Bulgarian South- Western University. At AUBG English is the language of instruction and eva- luation procedures follow the US academic system. Most of the faculty are American scholars.
The other higher educational institution in Blagoevgrad is the Southwestern University where the emphasis is on the humanities and teacher training.
BULGARIA - ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY PROFILE - IMI930716
SUMMARY
This article is derived from a telegraphic report dated 16 July 1993, prepared at the American Embassy - Sofia. It discusses the Bulgarian electronics industry. The article consists of 2 pages.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-0-3.TXT
BULGARIA - HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PROFILE - IMI930730
SUMMARY
This article is derived from a telegraphic report dated 30 July 1993, prepared at the American Embassy - Sofia. It discusses health care in Bulgaria. The article consists of 3 pages.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-0-4.TXT
------------ Geography
Total area: 110,910 km2; land area: 110,550 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee
Land boundaries: 1,881 km total; Greece 494 km, Romania 608 km, Turkey 240 km , Yugoslavia 539 km
Coastline: 354 km
Contiguous zone: 24 nm; (nm = nautic mile)
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: Macedonia question with Greece and Yugoslavia
Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and south
Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
Land use: arable land 34%; permanent crops 3%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and woodland 35%; other 10%; includes irrigated 11%
Environment: subject to earthquakes, landslides; deforestation; air pollution
Note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia
------------ People
Population: 8,910,622 (July 1991), growth rate - 0.2% (1991)
Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Net migration rate: - 3 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Infant mortality rate: 13 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 76 years female (1991)
Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)
Nationality: noun--Bulgarian(s); adjective--Bulgarian
Ethnic divisions: Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%
Religion: Bulgarian Orthodox 85%; Muslim 13%; Jewish 0.8%; Roman Catholic 0.5 %; Uniate Catholic 0.2%; Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%
Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
Literacy: 93% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)
Labor force: 4,300,000; industry 33%, agriculture 20%, other 47% (1987)
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA file name: FAQ-0-5.TXT
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp
from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA The files are:
Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic. According to the Constitution, which was adopted in July 1991, the entire power of the state shall derive from the people and shall be exerted directly and through the bodies established by the Constitution. The Constitution proclaims pluralism of political views and freedom of religion.
The supreme legislative body in the country is the National Assembly (Narodno Sqbranie - Bulgarian Parliament), which exercises parliamentary control over the government.
The President is the Head of State. He is elected through direct and secret ballot for a five-year term of office, and he personifies the unity of the nation.
The Council of Ministers is the supreme executive body for home and foreign affairs.
The territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is divided into nine administrative regions and smaller municipalities. The municipality is the primary terri- torial administrative unit, being a legal entity where local self-government is exercised through a municipal council elected by the respective local community population for a for-year term of office.
Education in Bulgaria is free at all levels and is supported by the state through the Ministry of Education and Science. It is compulsory for children from seven to sixteen years of age.
The Bulgarian educational system falls within the continental European tradition. The main types of secondary schools in the country are: general educational, vocational, language schools, and foreign schools. Private schools are also being established and they are beginning to compete with the state schools.
There are over forty Higher Education institutions in Bulgaria offering degrees at the undergraduate and graduate level.
The academic year for Bulgarian universities begins on October 1 and consists of fall and spring semesters. Full-time study programme takes 5 years, or 10 semesters. The academic year covers 30 calendar weeks.
University teaching is usually formally divided into lectures, seminars, and practical training, but flexibility is increasing. Attendance of seminars and practical training sessions is obligatory.
The teaching load, depending on academic rank, averages twelve hours per week . Classes usually meet once a week for 75 minutes; some are double 45- minute periods.
Bulgarian students are admitted after taking qualifying written exams for a number of state-commissioned places. Each exam is highly competitive and ensures a tuition waiver. Those who are not admitted in this way compete for an additional number of places, but are expected to finance their studies, either individually or by finding scholarships or grants.
The qualifying written exams are held each year on previously announced dates .
After each semester students take exams (in accordance with the curriculum of the respective program) in the course of the regular examination period. The exam period is 3-4 weeks.
Many of the university students are a joy to teach. Bulgaria's specialized secondary schools produce some very well educated 18- and 19-year olds.
Depending on the study program, students will be expected to take a graded exam (written or oral), a pass/fail exam (p/f), to defend a term project or paper. A six-grade system of marking is used, six being the highest and two- the lowest score.
Bulgaria has some 400 international hotels with 100,000 beds, half of which are located in the Black Sea resorts. In all major cities and tourist places there is at least one good First Class hotel. Some of the hotels are built with Western partners and are jointly managed. In Sofia you can stay at Deluxe hotels like the Sheraton Balkan Hotel, the Vitosha Hotel or the First class Novotel Evropa, Rodina or Grand Sofia Hotel.
Bulgaria offers a lot of sunshine. The climate is continental with four seasons and a Mediterranean influence in its southern regions. Although the Black Sea coast has mild winters, there is excellent snow for winter sports in the mountains.
The winter temperature varies between -5 deg Celsius and +5 deg Celsius (+20 deg F to +40 deg F). The average summer temperatures are between +20 deg Celsius and +30 deg Celsius (+68 deg F to +86 deg F). Bring warm clothing in winter (especially, if you go to the mountains) and light clothing in summer.
Bulgaria has well-trained medical personnel.
No charge is made for consultations about, or treatment of, emergency cases. There is a clinic for foreigners in Sofia. Its address is: 1 Evgeni Pavlovski Str., Mladost 1, Sofia; Phone (02) 75-361. The prices for the medical treatment and medicines there are reasonable.
Visitors should have valid passports. No visa is required for Americans visiting up to 30 days.
Entry or transit visas could be obtained at Bulgarian Embassies and Consulates abroad.
Some Addresses :
In the USA
The Consular Office of the Bulgarian Embassy
1621 22nd Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008
Phone: (202) 483-5885
In Canada
The Consular Office of the Bulgarian Embassy
100 Adelaide Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 1S3
Phone (416) 363-7307
Bulgaria is connected with neighbouring countries by a broad network of motorways. Motorists entering the country are required to provide valid driver's license (a regular US driver's license is sufficient), car registration, and an insurance policy covering third party liability known as the "green card". The latter can be obtained at the border, but buying it in advance typically costs less.
Gas stations in Bulgaria are located 25-30 kilometers (15-20 miles) apart. Hours of operation in most cases are 6 a.m. (6:00) to 10 p.m. (22:00). Few gas stations in big cities and key junctions are open 24 hours a day. Unleaded gasoline is available at the border checkpoints, in Sofia and the large Black Sea and mountain resorts, and along the major motorways.
Speed limits : for cars - 60 km/h (37 MPH) within city limits, 80 km/h (50 MPH) on roadways outside cities and 120 km/h (75 MPH) on highways.
Time
Local time: GMT+2 or EST+7. As in most European countries, summer daylight saving time is being introduced from the last weekend of March till the last weekend of September.
Business Hours
Shopping
Usually open Monday through Saturday from 9 a.m. (9:00) to 1 p.m. (13:00) and from 2 p.m. (14:00) to 7 p.m. (19:00).
Banks
Typically work with customers Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. (8:00) till noon (12:00).
Museums
From 9 a.m. (9:00) to 5 p.m. (17:00). Admission fees are $ 1 - $ 3.
Restaurants
Meals may be ordered until 11 p.m. (23:00).
Government offices
Monday to Friday 9 a.m. (9:00) to 6 p.m. (18:00) with a lunch break.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Found in some traveler's hadbooks:
WHERE TO SLEEP
Stay in private accommodations whenever and wherever you can. Whether it's a private room in a house or a private hotel (each $5-$7 per night), you will be much better off than if you stay in a state-run establishment, where prices vary according to your nationality. In the latter, foreigners pay exorbitant prices - as much as $100 - $150 per night, which is about 10-20 times the amount a Bulgarian would pay. Even if you speak Bulgarian, the mandatory display of your passport will give you away. If that were not bad enough, the typical Balkantourist hotel is run-down and dirty. Hot water is rarity; plumbing and electrical problems are not.
FOOD
The staple in most restaurants is meat - and don't expect a large selection. The loud music at diner is meant to keep you occupied while you wait. It's common to share tables if a place is crowded, which can be a plus or minus, depending on whom you are stuck with. The "smetkata" (bill) won't be brought to you until you ask for it. It's a good idea to request a menu and check the addition - errors are common. Whether you are dining out or weighing veggies at the marketplace, you will find that food is extremely cheap. The major obstacles are finding it and waiting in line for it. ...
Many locals consider Sofia's restaurants overpriced and are wary of being overcharged by money-hungry waiters, who tend to prey on foreigners but who have recently begun pulling scams on locas as well.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Contraceptives and Safe Sex
Sexual attitudes in Bulgaria are fairly liberal. Prostitution is rampant, especially in resort towns and seaports. Casual sex is definitely not a taboo, and condoms are readily available in pharmacies. ...
You get what you pay if you buy 2 cents Bulgarian condoms (a.k.a. Medbio Protex) - they have the annoying tendency of decomposing or falling apart as they are unrolled. They don't ever work as balloons or soap containers. Foreign-made condoms (mostly Chinese and Japanese) exist, but they are hard to find. ...
Although public displays of affection among the same sex are common, homosexuality is not openly accepted. As far as attitudes toward homosexuality go, Bulgarians waver between denial and intolerance.
SENDING MAIL HOME
Unless you plan on staying in Bulgaria for quite a long time, you will probably arrive home before your mail. Letters to other parts of Europe can take as long as two weeks to arrive, and letters to the US can take anywhere from two weeks to two months.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
*** from agutting@indiana.edu ***
1. subscribe for daily reports
Send message: SUB TRAVEL-ADVISORIES
To: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu
--or--
2. use ftp to get the specific reports you need:
To: ftp ftp.stolaf.edu
[Last updated: July 31, 1994] LOCAL CALLS
Public phones are plentiful but require 20-stotinki coin, which you deposit at the top of the phone after dialing the number. Stockpile a few of these coins, since they are rare, and venders eschew dispensing change to foreigners. ...
POLICE ASSISTANCE
The police are not that helpful to their fellow Bulgarians, let alone foreigners who do not speak the language, so do not expect much.
TAXI
There are two types of taxis: state and private. Many do not have meters, and the fares are calculated from the driver's odometer. Agree on a rate ahead of time and note the distance traveled, or negotiate a flat fee for the trip, since the drivers have a tendency to overcharge.
OTHERS
..Cross boulevard Vitosha to Cafe Magura, where a mob of young people stand, scam, and sell black-market goods. Get a cheap thrill by watching suckers lose money to hustlers who set up gambling games on cardboard boxes, and do not forget: This is strictly spectacular sport.
BULGARIAN SAYINGS
"No matter how little they pay us, they can never pay as little as we will work for them".
"All diseases are caused by not drinking regularly".
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Imat telefoni i FAX na letishte JFK :
(718) 656-8235
(718) 656-8370
(718) 656-0119
(mislja, poslednoto e FAX)
Adres`t e E. Wing, Building 51
JFK International Airport
Jamaica, NY 11430
Balkan imat i ofis v Manhatan, koda na telefona e (212), no ne mi e pod r`ka v momenta.
1-800 - nomera imat dve ot agenciite, specializirani v bileti za BG.
Balkan Holidays - predstavljavat Balkan ot poveche vreme
(800) 852-0944 (obshto vzeto ne go reklamirat za p`tnici, idejata e kato che li poveche da go polzvat travel agent-i)
(212) 573-5530
(212) 573-5538 (FAX)
Intervega - rabotjat sravnitelno ot skoro
(800) 677-9089
Sofia Travel - s`shto sa sravnitelno otskoro v NY
(212) 247-8091
(212) 247-3810 (FAX)
Poslednite dve agencii kato che li predlagat po-niski ceni
(makar che imat dop`lnitelni taksi za pokupka na bileti s kreditna karta, v krajna smetka mozhe da izleze i s`shtata suma).
Ima e agencija s E-mail adres : TraveLB@aol.com
Po princip, v njakoi sluchai agenciite mogat da predlozhat i cena po-niska ot tazi, kojato Balkan shte dade direktno na p`tnika.
No p`k v njakoi sluchai chovek se nalaga da se obadi direktno na Balkan.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Bulgaria
Bulgaria - Consular Information Sheet
January 19, 1994
Country Description: Bulgaria is a moderately developed European nation undergoing profound political and economic changes. Tourist facilities are widely available, but conditions vary considerably and some facilities are not up to Western standards. Goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are still not available in many areas of Bulgaria.
Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist or business visits of less than 30 days. An AIDS test may be required for those staying more than one month; U.S. tests are not accepted. All visitors to Bulgaria must register with the police, a hotel or a guest house within 48 hours of arrival. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria at 1621 22nd Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 387-7969; Consular Section is (202) 483-5885.
Medical Facilities: Although Bulgarian physicians are trained to a very high standard, hospitals and clinics are generally not equipped and maintained at U.S. or West European levels. Basic medical supplies are widely available, but specialized treatments may not be. Visitors must pay cash for medical and health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559.
Crime Information: There has been a recent rise in street crime, much of which is directed against foreigners. Pickpocketing and purse snatching are frequent occurrences as is theft from automobiles, where thieves smash windows to remove valuables left in sight. There have been a number of incidents in which tourists have accepted offers of "help from friendly people" met by chance at the airport, bus stations or train stations and have been drugged or assaulted and robbed. Taxi drivers at Sofia Airport are notoriously dishonest and refuse to run their meters. Travelers who insist upon a pre-agreed fare can avoid the more outrageous overcharging. Automobile theft is also a frequent problem, with four-wheel drive vehicles and late model European sedans the most popular targets. Very few vehicles are recovered.
The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. It provides information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad.
Currency Regulations: Bulgaria is largely a cash economy. Most shops, hotels and restaurants still do not accept travelers checks or credit cards. Visitors can exchange money at change bureaus. People on the street who offer high rates of exchange are confidence tricksters intent on swindling the unwary travelers.
Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Persons convicted of possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are subject to imprisonment and fines.
Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Bulgaria.
Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, is located at 1 Suborna (formerly 1 A. Stamboliski Boulevard); telephone (359-2) 88-48-01 to -05. This is also the after hours number for emergencies.
The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is located at 1 Kapitan Andreev Street in Sofia; telephone (359-2) 65-94-59.
No. 94-007
This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 29, 1993, to provide updated information on entry requirements, currency regulations and crime.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
TRAVEL-ADVISORIES MAILING LIST
Welcome to the "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list, the Internet and BITNET distribution point for U.S. State Department Consular Information Sheets and Travel Warnings.
In addition to being distributed in mailing list format, this information is also available via St. Olaf's gopher and WAIS servers.
Individual responses to requests for information is not possible through the travel-advisories mailing list. Please explore the Gopher, FTP, WAIS and WWW sources for archived information. Thanks!
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contains all messages posted to the list
ftp.stolaf.edu:pub/travel-advisories/advisories/country
contains the current travel information for a given country.
Email:
Past postings are also available via electronic mail by sending FTP
commands to:
ftpbymail@stolaf.edu
For more detailed instructions, send the word "HELP" to this address.
Or to retrieve an advisory (for example, Peru), mail a note to this
address containing the message:
cd pub/travel-advisories/advisories
get peru
You may include the word "ls" to get a list of all available travel
information. Take care to use lower-case letters only when specifying
a country name.
"I am submitting a request for discussion to create a new newsgroup
SOC.CULTURE.BULGARIA.
Why: The country is being reborn. Politics, economy and culture are rapidly changing. History is being given a fresh look. Free exchange of information and ideas is essential. The input of everyone interested in Bulgarian society and culture is important. Besides: Older waves of emigration were followed by a new one. There is a need to create links between Bulgarians around the world and to sustain the connection with the home country.
CHARTER: To promote exchange of information and ideas on all aspects of Bulgarian culture and society.
STATUS: Unmoderated
The proposal appeared in news.newgroups on Oct.16, opening a 30 days discussion period. Vassil and Luben were the most active participants. Voting took place between Nov. 21 and Dec. 15, 1991 and was processed by Svilen Tzonev and myself. Here is a portion of the announcement of the results:
"I am happy to announce that soc.culture.bulgaria received a favorable vote. A total of 270 people voted of which 241 in support and 29 against. The numbers meet the criteria for a successful vote by a wide margin.
YES - NO = 212 > 100
and
YES >> 2 x NO"
... It is up to us now to make it an interesting and viable group by supplying information, asking questions, answering questions etc..."
The group was created on Dec.24, 1991 (rozhdestvo Hristovo i Grupovo) and the first posting appeared on Dec.30, 1991.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Radio Bulgaria, Frequency Schedule
26.09.93 - 26.03.94
All times are UTC.
Bulgarian:
0200-0500: 7455 9700 13645
0300-0400: 5890 6210
0400-0530: 1224
1200-1500: 13670 15080
1300-1600: 1224 6210
1700-2000: 5890 6210 7375
1900-1945: 1224 5895 6220
2245-0015: 6220 11660 13645
Albanian:
0530-0600: 1224 6220
1645-1730: 1224 5895 6220
1945-2030: 1224 5895 6220
Arabic:
1700-1830: 7150 11870
English:
0100-0200: 7455 9700
0500-0630: 9700 11720
1130-1300: 11645 13645
1330-1500: 11630
1515-1645: 13670
1830-2000: 7455 9700
2100-2200: 6085 9700
2245-0015: 7455 9700
French:
0015-0100: 7455 9700
0715-0800: 9700 11720
1745-1830: 7455 9700
2000-2045: 7400 9700
2200-2245: 7455 9700
German:
0630-0715: 9700 11720
1100-1145: 11720 11860
1700-1745: 7455 9700
2015-2100: 6085 6210
Greek:
0500-0530: 1224 6220 7455 (Sun only)
0600-0630: 1224 6220 13645
0900-1000: 1224 6220 13645 (Sun only)
1730-1815: 1224 5895 6220
2030-2115: 1224 5895 6220
Italian:
1915-2000: 6085
2200-2245: 1224 6210 6220
2330-0015: 1224 6210
Portuguese:
0015-0100: 11660 13645
2200-2245: 11660 13645
Serbo-Croat:
0630-0700: 1224 6220 13645
0730-0900: 1224 6220 13645 (Sun only)
1600-1645: 1224 5895 6210
1815-1900: 1224 5895 6220
2115-2200: 1224 6210 6220
Spanish:
0100-0200: 11660 13645
0400-0500: 11720
0500-0600: 13645
2100-2200: 9905 11660
Turkish:
0400-0500: 5890 6220
0600-0730: 1224 6220 13645 (Sun only)
1030-1130: 6220 13645
1600-1700: 7150 11870
1830-2030: 7150 11870
Horisont Home Service Relay:
0500-0800: 9905
0700-1000: 1224 (Mon-Sat)
0800-1000: 9905 (Sun only)
1000-1300: 1224
1000-1745: 9905
Address:
Radio Bulgaria
4 Dragan Tsankov Blvd.
Sofia 1040
Bulgaria
Phone / Fax: 650 560; 871 061
------------------------------------------------------------------------
British Broadcasting Corporation - BBC
Ot 28 mart BBC vqvede nova programna shema za predavaniyata si na
Bqlgarski. Novoto e delnichnata (ponedelnik - petqk) (sled-)obedna
polovinchasova emisiya (13:30-14:00) 'BBC po obed'. Tya sqdqrzha
ilyustriran osvedomitelen byuletin +
'Istoriya i politika' v ponedelnik (povtorenie NYAMA veche)
'Kulturna antena' vqv vtornik (i nedelya, 22:15-22:30)
'Nauka, biznes, medicina' v sryada
'Vie pitate, nie otgovaryame' v chetvqrtqk (i sqbota, 6:30- 7:00)
'Iz zhivota vqv Velikobritaniya' v petqk
Za smetka na tova poslednoto vecherno predavane 'Svetqt v dejstvie II'
(22:30-23:00) e veche sqkrateno na polovina. Osven vtoro izdanie na
informacionno-komentarniya obzor, tova predavane vklyuchva i
petminutnata rubrika 'Tema bez povod'.
Eto i shemata na chestotite na izlqchvane:
BBC na Bqlgarski
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+ & 98,9 MHz; 94,9 MHz 'FM+' -
Sofiya (_y
:UTC(=GMT)+2: 49m: 41m: 31m: 25m: 19m:Band: 90,5 " 'Glarus' -
Burgas k
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+ 95,5 " 'TNN' -
Plovdiv B_)
: 6.30- 7.00:6050:7325:9750: : kHz: -- 'London _Cmapm_'
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+
:13.30-14.00: :9635,11710:15395: kHz: -- 'BBC _no obeg_'
(_noHege^Huk-nemqk_)
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+
:19.00-19.30:6015: :11740:15135: kHz: -- 'Svetqt v dejstvie I'
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+
:22.30-23.00:6050: :9770:11780: : kHz: -- 'Svetqt v dejstvie II'
(_noHege^Huk-nemqk_)
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+
:22.15-23.30:6050: :9770:11780: : kHz: -------------------------
(_cqboma u Hege^R_)
+-----------+----+----+----+-----+-----+----+
Deutsche Welle (DW) na Bqlgarski
+-----------+----+---------+---------+-----------------+-----------+-----+----+
(_y
:UTC(=GMT)+2: 49m: 41m : 31m : 25m : 19m : 16m :Band:
+ 95,7 MHz - Sofiya k
+-----------+----+---------+---------+-----------------+-----------+-----+----+
90,5 " 'Glarus' - Burgas B_)
:12.30-13.20: :9650 :11825,11835,11905:15370,15545: : kHz:
? " - G.Delchev
+-----------+----+---------+---------+-----------------+-----------+-----+----+
:19.00-19.50: :9640 :11785,11865 :15470 :17795: kHz:
+-----------+----+---------+---------+-----------------+-----------+-----+----+
:21.30-22.20:6170:7130,7255: 9715: 11915: : kHz:
+-----------+----+---------+---------+-----------------------------+-----+----+
The Voice of America
VoA na Bqlgarski
+-----------+----+----+--------------+----+---------+-----------+----+ (+ 97
MHz
:UTC(=GMT)+2: AM : 75m: 49m : 41m: 31m : 25m :Band: okolo
Sofiya)
+-----------+----+----+--------------+----+---------+-----------+----+
: 6.00- 6.30:1197:3980:6040,6125,6150:7125:9505 : : kHz: --
'_gobpo ympo_ BG'
+-----------+----+----+--------------+----+---------+-----------+----+
:21.30-22.30: :5975 9735: : 9735:11720,11780: kHz: --
'_gobqp Behep_ BG'
+-----------+---------+--------------+----+---------+-----------+----+
Sqshto taka ima vqzmojnost da poluchite faylove ottam chrez anonymous ftp na adres 192.187.128.6
Veche ima vqzmojnost za organizirane na konferencii m/u do 32-ma chetiashti vestnik ednovremenno. V "What can I do here:Talk" e obiasneno tochno kak stava rabotata.
Sqshto taka moje da se igrae santase. Koyto ne vyarva, da probva.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA file name: FAQ-2-3.TXT
The basic rate is pretty much the same for all carriers (with a possible minor difference). For example, as of August 11, 1993 the rates of MCI were (please, note they have gone up around 10 % during the recent months):
Rate Time of day Cost of the Cost of each (your local first minute additional time in USA) minute Lowest 2 am - 7 am $ 1.32 $ 0.83 Medium 7 am - 1 pm $ 1.67 $ 1.04 Highest 1 pm - 2 am $ 2.23 $ 1.34 Carrier Program Monthly Fee Rates to Bulgaria (BR = Basic Rate) AT&T Special Country None 15 % off BR (must specify in advance) Sprint The Most None 20 % off the number you call the most minutes (must be careful to have the most minutes to an international number) World-wide $ 3 $ 0.82 / min. (1 pm to 1 am Mon-Fri and all day on weekends) $ 1.39 / min. (1 am to 1 pm Mon-Fri); in addition brings low flat rate to many countries around the world + 20 % discount on the 2 international numbers you call the most minutes during the month (no need to set in advance), besides the 20 % discount to one domestic (USA) number MCI Friend & Family None 20 % off BR to two international numbers (must specify in advance) Around-the-world $ 3 15 % off BR (must specify in advance); in addition brings low flat rate to countries of Western Europe, Australia, and some in Asia (F&F and ATW could be combined to a total savings of 35 % on calls to 2 numbers in Bulgaria)You might want to look at that possibility of a paid plan if you regularly make enough calls to Bulgaria (and/or other countries as well) to justify the $ 3 fee each month.
Another useful tip : you can use all three long distance carriers through the so called ACCESS CODES, no matter what is your (default) long distance carrier. Just dial 10222, and then the usual digits (say, for Bulgaria 011-359-...), and your call will go through MCI. The analogous code for AT&T is 10288, and for Sprint is 10333. So you can make use of all the free programs of all three long distance carriers, without switching from one carrier to another. For example, you can get 20 % discount for 2 numbers in Bulgaria from MCI (Friends & Family), one other number from Sprint (The Most), and place all the rest of your calls through AT&T and get 15 % discount from them (Special Country). Also, as you can see, it really doesn't matter what your long distance carrier is. So, if you are offered free calls, or money to switch to another carrier, don't hasitate to take them. You still will be able to use your old carrier (and, possibly, they even would not notice that you have switched).
Plamen
Disclaimer : I and my family members are not associated with US any long distance carrier. This posting doesn't represent an approval, nor is it a disapproval of any program for long distance calls. Use the information on your own risk !
List of the EUnet sites in Bulgaria
C domain Town Organization
----------------------------------------------------------------------
U acmbul.bg Varna Bulgarian Chapter of ACM
U angel.bg Sofia Angel Ltd.
U aubg.bg Blagoevgrad American University in Bulgaria
U bstg.bg Varna Black Sea Technology Group
U bulpac.bg Varna Bulgarian Telecommunication Company
U cit.bg Sofia Computer & Information Technologies
UP continf.bg Sofia Continental Information
I danbo.bg Varna Bulgarian EUnet Backbone
I digsys.bg Varna Digital Systems Co.
U eltex.bg Sofia Eltex Ltd.
U fadata.bg Sofia FADATA Ltd.
IP fpbank.bg Sofia First Private Bank
U hfi-sofia.bg Sofia High Forestree Institute, Sofia
U iinf.bg Sofia Intstitute of Informatics, BAS
U imsa.bg Varna IMSA Ltd.
U infotel.bg Sofia Center for Telematic Services
U libvar.bg Varna Public Library of Varna
I meteo.bg Sofia National Meteorology service
U mgu.bg Sofia University of Minning and Geolology
U mt-mt.bg Varna MT & MT Co.
U nbu.bg Sofia New Bulgarian University
UP noac.bg Sofia NOAC GmbH
U novecon.bg Sofia Novecon Ltd.
U omex.bg Sofia Open Market Service
U petrotecs.bg Sofia Petrotecs Ltd.
U sirma.bg Sofia Sirma AI Ltd.
U topteam.bg Sofia TopTeam Co.
U tu-plovdiv.bg Plovdiv Technical University of Plovdiv
U tu-russe.bg Russe Technical University of Russe
UP tu-sofia.bg Sofia Technical University of Sofia
U tu-varna.bg Varna Technical University of Varna
U udbc.bg Sofia University of Delaware - Bulgaria
U undpbul.uucp Sofia United Nations Development Program
U uni-shoumen.bg Shoumen Konstantin Preslavsky University
I unimasters.bg Varna Unimasters Logistics Ltd.
U uspc.bg Varna US Peace Corps
U usw.bg Sofia United Software Writers Ltd.
U vacom.bg Varna VaCom Co.
U virbus.bg Sofia Laboratory of Computer Virulogy
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
The first colimn reflects the connectivity to the backbone site:
U - UUCP over dialup or X.25
I - TCP/IP (full Internet) connection
P - Pending connection
X - Disconnected
You can contact the site administrator as postmaster@xxxxxx.UU
or postmaster@xxxx
Department of Physics, Sofia University
physfac1@bgearn.bitnet (comment: physfac2 physfac3 physfac4 physfac5 work also).
Laboratory of Automated Systems in Education
lasofmi@bgearn.bitnet
Sofia Technical University
tusnet@bgearn.bitnet (try also tusnet@bgcict.bitnet)
Open Society Fund, Sofia
ososo@bgearn.bitnet
(For the @bgearn.bitnet addresses, you should include the name of the person
the message is addressed to in the Subject: line of the message).
The RFE/RL Daily Report is produced by the RFE/RL Research Institute (a division of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc.) with the assistance of the RFE/RL News and Current Affairs Division (NCA). The report is available by electronic mail via LISTSERV (RFERL-L@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU), on the Sovset' computer bulletin board, by fax, and by postal mail.
To subscribe:
Send e-mail to:
LISTSERV@UBVM.BITNET
or
LISTSERV@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU
Your message should contain a single line:
SUB RFERL-L :your name here:
To unsubscribe, send the following message:
UNSUB RFERL-L
LISTSERV@PUCC.BITNET
or
LISTSERV@PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU
Your message should contain a single line:
SUB E-EUROPE :your name here:
To unsubscribe, send the following message:
UNSUB E-EUROPE
Note: the operator is supposed to speak English (whether she speaks Bulgarian, someone please check...)
Source: International Herald Tribune, September 20, 1993.
Note: if you are not in NYC and know of another way to read Bulgarian newspapers, please let the group know.
and then follow the instructions
Note: If you are on a VAX, you might have to type:
telnet/port=4321 129.16.235.153 instead of the command above
Sunday, October 1, 1993
LOCATION: ASC-1 CH 23 H
CENTRAL DAYLIGHT TIME
WEEKDAYS:
***** 0000 SYRIA (Arab tv) Damascus: 5 DD
***** 0030 RUSSIA TV (news 1): R
0100 BULGARIA: 5 DD
0130 KENYA: 5 DD
0200 MALAYSIA (tv7): 5 DD
***** 0230 LITHUANIA (2ltv): 5 DD
0300 CZECH REPUBLIC (f1): 5 DD
0330 SLOVAKIA, Bratislava Aktuality: 5 DD
0400 ROMANIA (tvr 1) Actualitati: 5 DD
0445 CHILE (24 horas): 72 HD
0530 PHILIPPINES (tv5) Balitang Balita/The World Tonight: 7 DD
***** 0600 BRAZIL (Various): 4 DD
***** 0630 SWEDEN (Nyheterna): 5 DD
0700 MEXICO (eco): 'Live'
0800 FRANCE (France TV2): R
0830 ISRAEL (Channel 2)J
0900 TAIWAN, CHINA (cts, ttv, ctv): SD
0925 SCOLA SCHEDULE
0930 UKRAINE (yt-1)
1000 DW: Journal-Das Nachrichtenmagazin: 'Live'
1030 DW: Various Magazine Programs: 'Live'
***** 1100 JAPAN (Fujisankei): 'Live'
***** 1200 RUSSIA TV (news 1): 1DD
1300 CHINA, Bejing (cctv): SD
***** 1400 SAUDI ARABIA (Documentary)
***** 1500 ITALY (rai 1,2): 1 DD
1530 LATVIA (vhs): 5 DD
1600 TAI YUAN, CHINA (Yellow River tv): 5 DD
1700 CROATIA (dnevnik) Hrvatska Televizija: 6 DD
1730 SLOVENIA TV: 6 DD
1800 FRANCE (France TV2): SD
1830 UGANDA: 6DD
1900 POLAND Wiadmosci: 5 DD
1930 TUNISIA: 5 DD
2000 BEOGRAD SERBIA Radio-Televizija Beograd/biling: SD
2100 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 3 DD
2200 CANADA (tva-cftm) Les Nouvelles: 'Live'
2230 KOREA (The Asian Network): SD
2300 GREECE (Antenna tv s.a.)
***** 2330 IRAN: 6 DD
SATURDAYS:
0000 Readings: Egypt, Saudi Arabia
0015 CANADA: TW
0100 CROATIA - Special programs
0200 LATVIA: TW
0300 LITHUANIA: TW
0400 CZECH REPUBLIC: TW
0500 SWEDEN: TW
0600 MEXICO (eco): 'Live'
0700 DW: Journal: Das Nachrichtenmagazin: TW
0730 DW: Various: TW
0800 DW: Boulevard Deutschland: TW
0900 TAIWAN, CHINA: SD
0925 SCOLA SCHEDULE
0935 TAIWAN: TW
1000 GERMANY-Deutsche Welle: 'Live'
1200 UGANDA: TW
1230 GREECE: TW
1300 CHINA, Beijing: 'Live'
1400 DUKE U: Nation, Identities, Cultures (Starts Sept. 11)
1530 ITALY: SD & TW (Starts Sept. 11)
1630 CHILE: TW (Starts Sept. 11)
1700 JAPAN (Fujisankei): TW
1800 FRANCE: SD
***** 1830 VOAW: Special Programs
***** 2000 RUSSIA: TW
2100 SLOVENIA Magazine
2130 BEOGRAD SERBIA: SD
2230 KOREA: TW
2300 POLAND: TW
SUNDAYS:
0000 Readings: Egypt, Saudi Arabia
0015 ARABIC COUNTRIES: TW
0300 CANADA: TW
0400 GREECE: TW
0500 ISRAEL: TW
0600 MEXICO (eco): 'Live'
0700 CHILE: TW
0800 BRAZIL: TW
0900 TAIWAN, CHINA (cts,ttv,ctv): SD
0925 SCOLA SCHEDULE
0935 TAIWAN: TW
1000 TAI YUAN, CHINA: TW
1200 DW: Nachrichten Compact: SD
1230 DW: Various: 'Live'
1300 CHINA, Beijing: 'Live'
1400 FRANCE: TW
1500 DW: Various: 'Live'
1530 DW: Various: 'Live'
1600 DW: Drehscheibe Europa: TW
1630 HUNGARY (nbn)
1730 SCOLA SHOWCASE: special programs
1830 ITALY (rai): TW
1900 AFTAB Network (Sina Productions) Farsi
2100 BEOGRAD, YUGOSLAVIA: SD
2200 SLOVENIA: TW
2230 KOREA: TW
2300 KENYA (kbc): TW
* * * * * * * * *
Key: DD=Day Delay; HD=Hour Delay; R=Repeat; SD=Same Day;
TW=This Week; *****=Changed or Added; *=Alternating
DW=Deutsche Welle
* * * * * * * * *
AUDIO:
Primary Program: 6.8 MHz
Secondary: 6.2MHz (Deutsche Welle
--- --- --- --- ---
RADIO FRANCE INTERNATIONALE
24-HOURS ON SUBCARRIER 5.8 Mhz: GRANDS JOURNEAUX
5,6,9,11,13 PARLER AU QUOTIDIEN
4:02, 8:50, 10:50
* * * * * * * * *
OUTWRITE SERVICE
TRANSCRIPTS OF ORIGINAL LANGUAGE + ENGLISH
ONCE A WEEK: BULGARIAN; CZECH; CHINESE; FRENCH; GERMAN;
ITALIAN; JAPANESE; PORTUGUESE; RUSSIAN; SPANISH; SWAHILLI; SWEDISH.
* * * * * * * * *
ASK ABOUT "FRONT PAGE FAX."
* * * * * * * * *
SCOLA -- P.O. BOX 619 -- McCLELLAND, IA -- 51548-0619
Phone: 712+566-2202 -- Fax: 712+566-2502 -- Telex: 438119
Internet: scola@creighton.edu
1. It is possible that you have the irc software already installed on your system. Then type "irc" from your prompt and go to step 5.
2. If you don't have irc installed, there are two alternatives for you:
a) install your own irc client software (it takes some memory though) - read step 3.
b) telnet to some publicly accessible irc server - read step 4.
3. Two possibilities: ftp or automatic.
a) ftp should work for many different computers (IBM-PC, Macintosh, VAX, IBM 3270, Unix, etc.). You have to do anonymous ftp to csa.bu.edu and look for the directory irc. Copy the README file in the directory clients/... where ... is the type of computer you have (e.g. VAX). Then follow the instructions in that README file.
b) automatic (works only if you have a UNIX system). Type the following: telnet sci.dixie.edu 1 | sh
(be careful to type all characters on the previous line including the "| sh"
This should install an irc client in your directory. Note that it will be configured in a way to directly connect you to the undernet (you don't need to know what that is - simply proceed with this algorithm).
if either a) or b) worked, then go to step 5.
4. To telnet to some publicly accessible irc server, read this:
Scott Yanoff's "Special Internet Connections" (aka internet-services list) lists the following telnetable IRC clients:
----------------------------- begin quoted text -----------------------------
-IRC telnet server telnet wbrt.wb.psu.edu or 146.186.78.131
telnet irc.demon.co.uk or 158.152.1.74
+telnet sci.dixie.edu 6668 or telnet 144.38.16.2 6668
offers: Internet Relay Chat via telnet. (Login: irc)
------------------------------ end quoted text ------------------------------
5. Now you shold already be on some irc/undernet server. If you are on
the undernet (i.e. you followed step 3b) you must type the following:/server irc.netsys.com
At this point, you should be on a genuine irc server. go to step 6.
6. type the following:
/join #bulgaria
and if there is someone else you will be able to talk. For more info about how to use irc, read the FAQ list on irc in the news.answers newsgroup.
Have fun!
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-2-13.TXT
Country ISO-Code ADMDs ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Australia AU OTC, TELEMEMO, TELSTRA, TEXTFILE Austria AT ADA Brazil BR EMBRATEL, EMBRATEL.INTL Denmark DK DK400, TELDK Finland FI ELISA France FR ATLAS Germany DE DBP Italy IT MASTER400, MASTER400T Japan JP ATI Korea KR DACOMMHS Netherlands NL 400NET Norway NO TELEMAX Singapore SG SGMHS Spain ES MENSATEX-TEST Switzerland CH ARCOM United Kingdom UK BT, GOLD 400 United States US MCI, TELEMAIL USSR SU SOVMAILIf you are a X.400 user, you can receive information about our users if you send a message to
C=BG, ADMD=BULMAIL, S=DIRECTORY
If you are only Internet user, you can refer to:
/C=BG/ADMD=BULMAIL/S=DIRECTORY/@Sprint.com
Currently, the Bulgarian home page on the World-Wide Web (WWW) is located at:
http://pisa.rockefeller.edu:8080/Bulgaria/
You can use mosaic or lynx to view it.
Okaza se che i moyata minimalna kraina konfiguraciya, vyrshi rabota (sort-of..) ili dori s tova podolu opisanoto moje da se dobie predstava ot WWW
Hardware:
1. terminal Televideo 970, koito e pone na 10-15 godini i razbira samo ot emulaciya na vt100 i ANSI;
2. IBM-XT w/Hercules video card, 40 Meg HD (godinite mu edva li sa po-malko).
3. Hayes 2400 Smartmodem;
Software:
1. MS-DOS Kermit ver 3.13
Kakto se vijda ot po-gornoto, edva li moje da ima po-mizerna konfiguraciya (shte se radvam ako nyakoi se pohvali s po-losha 8-) no vse pak ima edno osnovno preimushtestvo - sybrana e ottuk-ottam bez da se vloji $1.00 i si mi vyrshi rabota.
Vsichko tova me svyrzva kym VAX-ovete na campusa kydeto moga da izbiram mejdu VMS i ULTRIX kato operacionni sistemi. Az nyamam vreme za gubene zatova predpochitam VMS i realizaciyata za koyato stava duma, se nujdae ot VAX/VMS sys MULTINET. Predi vreme nyakoi spomena che moje da se izpolzva programata LYNX za vryzka s bulgarskata stranica na WWW, no az ne ya namerih po obshto dostypnite directorii na tukasniya VAX. Ako imate jelanie da povtorite moya pyt iz World Wide Web pravete slednoto:
(Ako ima po dobyr nachin, koito ne iziskva da si kupya RISC6000, nadyavam se nyakoi da me popravi...)
1. Napravete search s VERONICA (tova e edna ot opciite na GOPHER) za directorii sydyrjashti dumata 'lynx'. Az tyrsih v NYSERN (edna ot chesto sreshtanite opcii na VERONICA) i byaha okolo 70 hita (popadeniya?). Izberete si directoriya koyato se namira na myasto pone na syshtiya kontinent i download-nete faila lynx2-1-1.zip (tozi fail vyrshi rabota za VAX/VMS, no ima i kup drugi failove za drugi platformi). Faila e okolo 450K, taka che si proverete disk quota-ta predi da zapochnete prehvyrlyaneto.
2. Ako imate mnogo svobodno myasto na accounta, zapochnete da UNZIP-vate: shte se syzdade poddirektoriya [.LYNX2-1] plus mnogo, mnogo drugi pod-pod-dir...
3. V [.LYNX2-1] se namira faila BUILD.COM, koito sled kato go startirate i mu otgovorite na vyprosite shte vi syzdade LYNX.EXE (razbira se ako karmata Vi e dobra..)
4. Za da popadnete v BG stranicata na WWW, dobavete kym LOGIN.COM faila si naprimer slednite dva reda:
$lynx :== "$DISK:[DIR.SUBDIR]lynx.exe "
$bg_www :== "http://pisa.rockefeller.edu:8080/Bulgaria/"
kydeto shte tryabva da zamenite DISK, DIR i SUBDIR s tova koeto otgovarya na vashiya account. Sled restartirane na LOGIN.COM komandata ot $ prompt-a
LYNX BG_WWW
bi traybvalo da vi svyrje s stranicata za BG. Ako zamenite BG_WWW s nykoi drug script s extension .html (ima dosta ot tezi v pod-direktoriite koito shte se unzip-nat) shte se svyrjete s druga stranica na WWW.
Kakto se razbra tova rabota za moyata konfiguraciya taka che bi tryabvalo da raboti i za vsichko po-smart ot moite karuci. Razbira se na vt100 nyama da vidite kartinki i snimkite na chlenovete na s.c.b., a pyk ekranite koito sa podredeni nod Mosaic izglejdat dosta razhvyrlyano, no neka da ne bydem pretenciozni 8-)
If you wish to get the source code or the executables for either www or mosaic:
ftp ftp.sunet.se
login: anonymous
password: _your_e_mail_address_here
cd /pub/www
binary
dir
look at the filenames and decide which ones you want
get any_filename_here
get if_you_want_any_more_type_the_filenames
quit
ftp ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
login: anonymous
password: your_e_mail_address
cd /Web
now depending on whether you need files for X, Win, or Mac,
change to the appropriate directories.
get ...
quit
NOTE: To be able to run Mosaic or www on a Mac or a PC, you should be able (before installing the new software) to telnet and ftp to any machine by name.
For example, if the following command fails, then you probably have no network privileges (there is no name server, etc. == talk to your systems administrator).
telnet magdanoz.mcafee.com
should open a connection to our loved Magdanoz. If you cannot do this on your PC or Mac, neither www nor mosaic will run successfully or without any modifications at least.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA file name: FAQ-2-18.TXT
2.5 Bulgaria
DK: This apparently is an extract from an (outdated) RIPE study report, prepared by Milan Sterba (the author). It has been amended several times since then.
MS: A switched international X.25 connection connects the Bulgarian EARN node in Sofia to Linz (Austria). A dial-up connection over public X.25 connects the Bulgarian EUnet via the backbone node in Varna to the Internet via the EUnet node in Heraklion (Greece). This connection will be converted to IP/X25 and will be the first IP connection in Bulagaria. Coordination between both projects, resulting in a shared fixed IP connection, is under study.
DK: This is not exactly so. The Bulgarian EUnet backbone (danbo) has always had two international connections, to the (central) EUnet backbone in Amsterdam, and to the Greek EUnet backbone (in Heraklion).
DK: Since 1992, the EUnet link connecting Bulgaria has been running in production TCP/IP service.
DK: There is no such thing as "dial-up X.25 connection". All X.25 connections are either PCV (permanent channels), or SVC (switched channels).
MS: Several tens of EUnet sites are now connected over dial-up links to the national EUnet backbone. A public X25 service is available to a limited extent. EARN services have been opened recently at Sofia University but no gateway exists between the two services yet.
DK: The X.25 network in Bulgaria (BULPAC) is most widely used to connect the EUnet sites in the country. It has always been readily available, and is of reasonably good quality!
Contact persons:
Daniel Kalchev - daniel@danbo.bg - EUnet backbone manager BG, contact for BG. top level domain
Anton Velichkov - vam@bgearn.bitnet - EARN president for Bulgaria
Alexander Simeonov - sasho@bgearn.bitnet - Center for Informatics, Sofia
The following extended information is provided to give some understanding of the Bulgarian market of computer services. All information is extracted from my private contacts during my 5 years at study in the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics ( Computer Science ) of Sofia University and half year working in one of the fastest developing Bulgarian firms RISK Electronics, specializing in computer business, as programmer and consultant. All information concerns only the market of PC compatible computers and software.
BULGARIAN CURRENCY: LEV
24.50 levs ( July'92 ) = 1 USD
28.50 levs ( July'93 ) = 1 USD
36.40 levs ( Feb.'94 ) = 1 USD
SOCIAL WELLFARE:
1100 levs ( Dec.'93 )
PRICES OF SOFTWARE ( MS DOS, MS Word, PageMAKER, CorelDRAW, ... )
are the same as in Western Europe.
PRICES OF TRADEMARK COMPUTERS
are the same as in Western Europe.
PRICES OF COMPUTERS ASSEMBLED IN BULGARIA ( Primerely with elements bought in Japan and Taiwan ) are about 10% less than the similar trademark computer.
PRICES OF COMPUTER BOOKS:
Imported from USA and Western Europe: the same as in those countries.
Imported from Russia: In March'93 I bought paperback books for Windows 3.0, C++, Computer Graphics for 60-80 levs each ( $2-$3 ).
PRICES OF EDUCATION:
There is still no charge for education in State Universities.
Private Universities, in existence since 1990. Charge about 4500 levs in semester taxes and about 1000 levs for 30 hour cource. But these are primarely in law, economics, managment, i.e., but not engineering.
MARKET OF COMPUTER SERVICES (perchasing of software, hardware, consultations):
More than 2/3 are made for and from firms settled in the capital Sofia.
The population of Sofia is 1 100 000, Bulgaria: 8 500 000.
THE UNIVERSITIES PROVIDED THE MORE RELAVANT SOFTWARE EDUCATION, PARTICULARLY:
Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University ( FMI )
Technical University, Sofia ( TU )
SALARY OF HIGH PROFESIONAL PROGRAMMERS. SOME EXAMPLES
(month salary / month salary with avarage bonus):
Information is from my personal knowledge and contacts and is not official, that why the names of the firms are not provided.
1. A firm specialized in making of data base and CAD systems software for Bulgarian market. For parttime worked programmers, students in FMI, with at least one yaer experiance:
3800 levs / 4800 levs , Feb.'93 app. ( 150 USD / 190 USD )
2. Firm settled in USA, set a concource for programmers in Sofia, and selected about 10. Hire proffesors from FMI and TU, pay for equipment and rent of building.
3500 levs , 1st salary app. ( 140 USD )
? / 6500 levs , 6st salary app. ( ? / 250 USD )
3. Firm specialised in writting of software for computer cards, all for Western Europe, primerely Germany:
350-450 DM / ? app. ( 220 USD / 280 USD )
BLACK MARKET:
There is a big exchange of pirate copies of software between individual programmers, and also providing small firms with black software, or software made on the base of black software.
COPYRIGHTS:
Since beginning of 1993 there is a law which protect copyright in Bulgaria.
But today the following conversation is possibly to occur in Sofia Police or Sofia Court:
- I can prove that the firm XXX use software made by me without bought it ! I want that you charge firm XXX to pay me !
- We have 1 killed, 10 stolen cars, 5 big thieves, i.e., only for yesterday. For what kind of stupid crimes you came to lose my and your time?
THE FOLLOWING TWO POINTS ARE A BIG RESTRICTION OVER THE SET OF PROGRAMMERS (see the following up article ):
- INTERNET CONNECTION.
Such kind of communications are not still popular in Bulgaria. They are well accepted only from big scientific institutions and universities, only for proffesors, and some big rich firms which need from such kind of connection with bisness partners out of Bulgaria.
Equipment of the telephone communications of Bulgaria is very old and make big problems. In June'93 the Bulgarian State Telephone Company, unique telephone company in Bulgaria, rose the price of minute call to USA from 20 levs ( 0.90 USD ) to 55 levs ( 2 USD ), regardless a time of calling. - 5 YEARS OVERALL EXPERIANCE.
Till Nov.10'89 it was total communism in Bulgaria. One of the rules of total communism is: "'Privite bisness' is a dirty word". Therefore programmers worked exclusively for scientific institutions or state firms.
Many of those people now make a good private computer business, tradeing but no software, because:
1 average salary of proffesional programmer, 160 hours for month =
a) profit from buying of computer elements from Japan or Taiwan, assembling of IBM PC compatable computer and finding of someone to buy it, but this hole in the market is maybe already filled.
b) a number of similar to a) fast-making-money computer services
c) on a black market: 1/2 of the price of 1.simple program on spreadsheet ( Lotus, QuatroPro, Excel ... ) + 2.simple program on base of data ( R:BASE, dBase, Paradox, ... ) + 3.installation of black copy of text editor ( MS Word, ... )
Some of them said: "The inteligent people do not wait the situation to adjust to then, but they adjust to the situation".
Therefore software firm, which servive on the Bulgarian narrow market of software possess at least two things:
1. super software managers
2. high proffesional programmers, even they haven't 5 years experiance
Of cource there are also rich Bulgarian trade firm, which make a long-term investments in keeping high profesional computer programmer groups.
Two things are useful to be known for Bulgarian software engineers:
1. there is a big exchange of ideas between them
2. they make active self-education by using a easy access to black software, such education is needed, because to have a job as programmer in Bulgarian private firm, this simply mean that you are twice better than the best.
But State Universities still produce a big number of software engineers, the government pays.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-2-21.TXT
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
There is a Bulgarian Radio station in New York City. It broadcasts at 91.5 MHz FM Mondays from 5:30 to 6:00 PM.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Andreas Volk, Munich, Germany e-mail (Internet): avolk@blabel.ppp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de
Radio Bulgaria made a lot of changes in its summer schedule. Own observations showed that the occupation of some frequencies were not a good selection at all, e.g. Radio Australia occupied 11660 kHz in the UTC afternoon for quite some months and is now heavily interfered :-( . Radio Bulgaria seemed to have cancelled the Portuguese service.
Radio Bulgaria, Frequency Schedule
27.03.94 - 24.09.94
All times are UTC.
Bulgarian:
0200-0300: 5905 7240
0300-0400: 1224; Mon-Sat till 0430
0900-1200: 17625
1200-1500: 1224 9700
1500-1800: 7125 9775
1700-2000: 11660
1800-1845: 1224 5920
2300-0030: 11645 11660 12050
2345-0245: 9700 11720
Albanian:
0430-0500: 1224 7115 7240
1545-1630: 1224 5920 7155
1845-1930: 1224 5920
Arabic:
1630-1715: 11870 13760
2000-2045: 11645 13625
English:
0330-0430: 9700 11720
1200-1300: 17625
1400-1500: 15460 17705
1900-2000: 9700 11720
2100-2200: 9700 11645 11720
2245-2345: 9700 11720
French:
0245-0330: 9700 11720
0515-0600: 9700 11765
1800-1845: 9700 11720
2000-2045: 9740 11660
2200-2245: 9700 11720
German:
0430-0515: 9700 11765
1000-1045: 11860 15115
1700-1745: 9700 11720
2000-2045: 9700 11720
Greek:
0400-0430: 1224 7115 7240 (Sun only)
0500-0530: 1224 5920 7115 7240
0800-0900: 1224 5920 7115 (Sun only)
1630-1715: 1224 5920 7155
1930-2015: 1224 5920 7155 7260
Italian:
2100-2145: 1224 6005 7295
2230-2315: 1224 6005 7295
Serbo-Croat:
0530-0600: 1224 5920 7115 7240
0630-0800: 1224 5920 7115 (Sun only)
1500-1545: 1224 5920 7115
1715-1800: 5920 7135
2015-2100: 1224 7155 7260
Spanish:
0300-0400: 9560 12050
0445-0545: 9730 11645
2200-2300: 11645 11660 12050
Turkish:
0300-0400: 5920 7115 7240
0500-0630: 1224 7115 7240 (Sun only)
1715-1800: 1224
1715-1915: 7155 11870
Horisont Home Service Relay:
0300-1700: 11660
0600-1200: 1224 (Mon-Sat)
0900-1200: 1224 (Sun)
Address:
Radio Bulgaria
4 Dragan Tsankov Blvd.
Sofia 1040
Bulgaria
Fax: 650 560; 871 061
Samniavam se da imat 800 nomer, eto im telefonite v N.Y.
(212) 371.2047
(212) 573.5530
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
After AT&T already did so, Sprint now is also offering calling card calls from Bulgaria. The number to call _in Bulgaria_ is 00-800-1010, after which one can either follow the voice prompts or talk to an English-speaking operator.
For more information in USA call Sprint @ 800-877-4646.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
There is now a way to get files from the Bulgarian FTP archive by mail.
This message contains:
1. Instructions
2. A (partial) list of the files, included in the archive for now
3. A list of the POETRY directory
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Instructions
Send mail to:
bitftp@pucc.bitnet or
bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu
In the body of the message, write:
FTP shiva.cs.columbia.edu
USER anonymous
cd "directory"
get "file name"
QUIT
example 1:
----------
you want the file FAQ-0-0.TXT,
send the following:
FTP shiva.cs.columbia.edu
USER anonymous
cd BULGARIA
get FAQ-0-0.TXT
QUIT
example 2:
---------
you want the file BULGARIA/POETRY/DDEB001.TXT,
send the following:
FTP shiva.cs.columbia.edu
USER anonymous
cd BULGARIA/POETRY
get DDEB001.TXT
QUIT
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Here is another interesting Internet service available. It allows
you to request World-Wide Web documents by mail.
You can send mail to:
webmail@www.ucc.ie
and put "go http://....." in the body of the message. To retrieve the home page for Bulgaria, you can send:
"go http://pisa.rockefeller.edu:8080/Bulgaria/"
Only one request per message is allowed. In response, the automated service will return both the source HTML file and its ASCII approximation.
Info: from: Peter Flynn (pflynn@curia.ucc.ie)
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
FAX to INTERNET
The IntlTrade Network now uses OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software to convert faxes to e-mail text. This allows ads to be faxed from any ordinary fax telephone. After OCR conversion of the fax, the ad is uploaded to the IntlTrade BBS and distributed worldwide by e-mail on the Internet. You do not need even a pc and modem to take advantage of this feature, just a fax telephone.
To reduce recognition errors, please follow the following guidelines:
* Send documents at FINE resolution (200 x 200 dpi)
* Send documents in portrait rather than landscape
* Make sure the print is clean and crisp, and without any freehand notes, lines or doodles. When possible, send originals instead of photocopies
* Avoid underlining text
* Use plain, san serif fonts (for example, Helvetica, Univers or Arial)
* Use type of 12 points or larger
* Avoid company letterheads. Simple, plain white paper with laser or typewritten characters is best.
Fax your ad to 803-472-4527. Please limit each ad to one page.
IntlTrade Network information documents may be retrieved by e-mail and/or fax. Send an e-mail message to majordomo@world.std.com with the following in the body of the text: info intltrade
To retrieve by fax, set your fax machine to POLL RECEIVE and call 803-472-4527. If your fax does not have POLL RECEIVE, call and press ENTER, START, or COPY at the fax tone.
James Reese, Owner
USA@WORLD.STD.COM
International Trade Network: An Internet Electronic Mailing List
IntlTrade@WORLD.STD.COM
IntlTrade BBS 803-472-3754
Fax: 803-472-4527
Voice: 803-472-8524
1. Oblak
Pravi se ot pitietata mastika i likyor ot menta v klasicheskoto sqotnoshenie 1:1. Tova e pri polojenie che mastikata sqsqrja 45 obemni % alkohol, a mentata 25%. Ako v sqotvetnata dqrjava mastikata , respektivno mentata sa s razlichno alkoholno sqdqrjanie, proporciyata se promenya, kato vse pak tryabva da e blizka do gornata, poradi specifichnite organoleptichni kachestva na napitkata. Servira se _mnogo_ studen, kolkoto se moje po-studen, ne se rarejda s led, soda i dr. Pie se predimno na toplo vreme, na moreto i t.n., no moje da se pie i prez zimata.
2. Ciganka
Prigotovlyava se ot pitietata mastika i obiknovena grozdova rakiya, otnovo v sqotnoshenieto 1:1. Nikakvi razrediteli, pie se studen. Harakteren za yugoiztochna Bqlgariya.
3. Evridika
Star Sozopolski kokteyl. Prigotvya se kato v edna bira - 400 ml. se sipe 100 grama menta. Pie se leko ohladen. Velikolepen za ranni sledobedni iztreznyavaniya pri visoka temperatura na okolnata sreda.
4. Aligator
Otnovo Sozopolska izmishlyotina. Sqstoi se ot djin i menta. Moje po vkus da se prigotvi v razlichni proporcii, kato nay-chesto upotrebyavanite sa : 1:2, 1:1 i 2:1. Moje da se servita i s led.
5. Kavaleriyski shtik
Prigotvya se kato 'aligator' no sqstavkite sa vodka i menta.
6. Yaponsko utro
Prigotvya se kato 'aligator' no sqstavkite sa vodka i rozari (kampari).
7. Pqlzachi po skalite
Prigotvya se kato 'aligator' no sqstavkite sa djin i rozari (kampari).
8. Barbata
Krqsten e v chest na stariya Sozopolski alkoholik Barbata, leka mu prqst. 100 ml menta, topla i 50 grama grozdova rakiya, sqshto topla. Dosta otvratitelen e, no zatova pqk e mnogo hranitelen, Barbata izkara pochti 2 godini samo na nego.
9. Tigqrska celuvka
Prigotvya se ot cherveno vino i grozdova rakiya. Tipichna proporciya e 3:1, no moje da varira. Pie se topql, mnogo dobre deystva v studeno vreme.
10. Miyach
Tova e kokteylqt, koyto e padenieto na alkoholicite, t.e. bi bil dosta interesen za nyakoi chitateli. Prigotvya se ot 50 ml. menta, 50 ml. grozdova rakiya i 50 ml. mastika. VNIMANIE - MNOGO E SILEN, ne se preporqchva na nepodgotveni da piyat poveche ot 2. Servira se komplekt s opakovka antiacid i sedalgin neo.
11. Trikolior
50 ml. vodka (bi triabvalo da moje i mastika), 50 ml. menta, 50 ml. likior. Parvo se sipva vodkata(mastikata), sled tova bavno i vnimatelno po stenata na chashata se naliva mentata, kojato poradi po goliamoto si otnositelno teglo (poveche zahar) minava otdolu. Posleden idva likiorat pak po sashtia nachin, no oshte po vnimatelno. Bialo-zeleno-cherveniat trikolior se konsumira _na eks_ i sashto kato miacha e mnogo potenten.
12. Goliam trikolior
Kato trikoliora no ot vsichko po 100 ml. Vecheria za shampioni! Az ne go upotrebiavam.
13. Chuk/Paren chuk/Chukche ...
Ne sluchajno e pod nomer 13!
Sabirat se vsichki nalichni alkoholsadarjashti technosti i se smesvat - - shake well drink much! Praktikuva se naprimer kogato alkohola e mnogo malko, a triabva da se peiat mnogo pesni ili kogato kupona triabva da se premesti i tozi, kojto sabira pieneto, e dotolkova razveselen, che ne mu puka vav kakv vid she se konsumira ostataka po-natatak.
14. "Medved prihodit"
Ot halba pqlna s bira se otpiva po glqtka i se dobavya pak tolkova vodka (> 40%). Tova s epovtarya dokato ostane samo vodka.
15. "Medved uhodit"
Kato 14., no se zapochva s vodka dokato se stigne samo do bira.
16. Koktejl Bozdugan:
375 g. Rakija (ot naj-evtinata pod rqka, v moite spomeni - naj-chesto kajsieva) 375 g. Svetlo Pivo.
17. Naroden jumruk:
100ml grozdova
100ml slivova
100ml mastika
--------------
mozhe i na eks.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Az sqm pravila banitza sqs fillo dough i americanski producti i stana dosta dobre. Ne moga da dam tochna retzepta zashtoto vsichko slagam na oko, no shte se opitam...
Ta znachi, kupuva edin paket fillo dough, 10tina iaitza, edna buchka sirene (cottage cheese shte svqrshi rabota, no nai-dobre e da nameri bqlgarsko sirene v tenekia, pri nas ima--12$/kg) okolo 3/4-1 pound i edno paketche maslo. Pazbqrkva navednqj 4 iaitza i pribavia natrosheno sirene dokato smesta stane kato liutenitza (ne mi e mnogo podhodiashto sravnenieto mai, no iskam da kaja da ne teche, a da se maje dobre) Sled tova raztapia masloto. Vzima dva lista kori, naprqskva gi s maslo i namazva, no ne razvnomerno a samo tuk tam ot smesta. Polse ot gore slaga edin list, pak maje, dva lista i go naviva na rulo. I taka natatqk dokato mu se svqrshi smesta ili korite. Nakraia naprqskva tzialata banitza dobre s maslo, peche ia vqv furna okolo 30 min. Sled kato ia izvadi e dobre da ia pokrie s pokrivka za 10 tina minuti za da ne izsqhne.
Stambolovo '88 Balkanton 060101 Le Mystere Des Voix Bulgares Explorer 9 79165-2 Le Mystere Des Voix Bulgares, Vol. 2 Explorer 9 79201-2 Villiage Music of Bulgaria / Bulgarian Folk Music Explorer 9 79195-2 Music of Bulgaria / Ensemble of the Bulgarian Republic Explorer 9 72011-2 The Severnyashki Folk Ensemble Round The World Gega GD 103 The Greatest Bulgarian Folk Dances Gega GD 106 Balkana / The Music of Bulgaria Hannibal CD-1335 The Forest is Crying / The Trio Bulgarka Hannibal CD-1342 Two Girls Started to Sing... Rounder CD-1055 Bulgarian Polyphony Vol. 2 / The National Folk Ensemble Victor VDP-1462 Balkan -- Mysterious Voices of Bulgaria Virgin 2-91368"Two Girls..." is very poor -- don't buy it. "Balkan" is the soundtrack to a documentary. "Stambolovo" is modern wedding band music. "Bulgarian Polyphony" #1 and #2 are both out of print (they are Japanese). Many of these CDs can be ordered my mail from Elderly Instruments, a company in East Lansing, Michigan (call information for the number). They have a catalogue they will send to you.
Other instruments which are common are the dumbek, a small lap drum, the zurna, an incredibly loud reed instrument, and the tamburitsa, a plucked string instrument similar to a bouzouki, but these are also common in Turkey, Greece, and other countries are are not solely Bulgarian.
Originally these instruments were used mostly for village dancing, and only one or occasionally two instruments would be played at a time. People would dance to one of the melody instruments, sometimes accompanied by a tupan. The zurna and tupan is still a popular combination in Macedonia. In this century, bands became popular which had one or more of each instrument, say, for instance, a kaval, a gadulka, a gaida, a tamburitsa, and a tupan. Later, instruments such as the accordeon and clarinet became popular. Nowadays, the "traditional" Bulgarian wedding band might have clarinets, electric guitars, and so on.
Peter Grigorov, Drujba-2, bl. 206-B, ap. 66, Sofia 1586
The dance group, "Rosna Kitka", comprises boys and girls age 6-13 and adult instrumentalists. I have a video recording of one of their performances on VHS, NTSC format (translated from the original SECAM format). I will gladly make a copy for a producer.
2. Few comments about FAQ Bulgaria.
a) Western music lovers have discovered Bulgarian folk music thanks to tours of groups such as the Philip Kutev ensemble, Pirin, etc. A CD recording of the Philip Kutev group is: "Les mystere des voix bulgares" Elektra/Nonesuch 9 79201/2.
b) Ivo Papasov and his "wedding band" gives jazz-inspired improvisations based on bulgarian folk motives. Two CDs with Ivo's music are: "Orpheus Ascending", Hannibal Records Ltd., HNCD-1346 and "Balkanology", Hannibal Records Ltd., HNCD-1363.
c) Sqdejki po albumite koito imam, imenata na prochutite ni basove se pishat po slednija nachin:
"Boris Christoff" i "Nicolai Ghiaurov".
Ghiaurov se pishe s "h" sled "g"-to s tsel da se razdeli "g"-to ot "i"-to. Po tozi nachin imeto se proiznasja GIAUROV a ne DZHAUROV.
In the shop I also found a lot of others.
references :
Bulgarian folk ensembles and songs Balkanton 060053
Vocal traditions of Bulgaria Say-disc (UK company) CD-SDL-396
Musics and musicians of the world . Bulgaria . AUVIDIS (French company) UNESCO
collection D 8019
Rhodopa family GEGA GD124
the fourth is the best for my pleasure but other opinions are welcome !!!
"Bulgarian Rhapsody Vardar" is composed using Bulgarian folk motives, and so is another very famous Bulgarian classic music piece - "Thracian Dances" - by Petko Stainov.
Another famous Bulgarian composer is Parashkev Hadjiev. He had many piano compositions, songs and operas ("Leto 1893", "Maria Desislava", "Lud Gidia").
From the younger generation Bulgarian classical music composers are Krasimir Kyurkchiiski (the ballet "Kosyat Rog") and Stefan Dragostinov (with the "F. Kutev" ensemble, and also he - Dragostinov - is a composer of symphony music).
The Bulgarian classical music generation of the 50-ies, 60-ies is known with the piano composers Emil Naumov (student of Nadia Boulanger) and Boyan Vodenicharov.
Written without references - according to memory only - sorry if I missed (or messed) somebody.
Impressario and Publishing House "Rod"
134 Vasil Levski Bulv, 2nd floor
1504 Sofia
Bulgaria
tel: 359 2 77 03 10
fax: 359 2 43 10 42
Balkanton
6 Haidoushka Polyana Str.
1612 Sofia
Bulgaria
tel: 359 2 52 54 51
fax: 359 2 54 27 44
telex: BALKTON BG
The first major figure among the composers in the first generation is the "Patriarch (title of an important position in the Ortodox Church, equivalent of the Pope in Roman Catholic Church) of Music" Dobri Chris tov. He was also the first theorist of the Bulgarian Musicology. As all major musicians from the first generation he was educated abroad. Although he was a student of French composer Paul Duka, he didn't adopt his relatively contemporary techniques and musical language, but mostly worked in arranging folk tunes for choirs with more or less "classic" harmony and structure. Despite the simplicity of his art, he was a very influential teacher for younger musicians. Around 1920 - 40 there were some composers, who created more sophisticated art as Veselin and Andrei Stoyanov, Pancho Vladigerov, Lubomir Pipkov and others. The brothers V. and A. Stoyanov worked in a folk-like style, using irregular meters, typical melodic configurations and quart-quint harmonies. Andrei Stoyanov was mostly occupied with piano literature, while Veselin worked in all major genres. A very important figure was Dimitar Nenov, a composer and a virtuoso piano player (like Andrei Stoyanov), who was accused of formalism and bad influence on young communist musicians after 1944. Unlike the other major composers of this time Pancho Vladigerov didn't use any original folk melodies and rarely used folk-type tunes. A Bulgarian Jew, born and educated in Switzerland, he adopted the impres- sionist style, typical for a significant part of the Western European music. He was the most internationally recognised Bulgarian composer, for example Herbert von Karajan performed Vladigerov's third piano concerto on his graduation recital.
That period was productive and successful for performers as well. With the support and financial help from the monarchist institution and specially Tsar (king) Boris III many opera houses were established. The opera art became really popular and Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna were cities with internationally famous opera houses and opera stars. In the bigger cities were gathered first professional orchestras with very high quality of the participants. People enjoyed performances by worldly famous virtuosi like Sasha Popov and Nikola Kozarev.
The folk music in that period didn't involve professional musicians and was performed in smaller places mainly, but it never lost its po- pularity.
The beginning of the second period (second generation) was the Soviet invasion and the so-called "revolution" in Bulgaria. The new government quickly established their new ideology, which was believed to be progressive and basically was denying everything, achieved before, because of its connection with the monarchy. Very harmful for all musicians, that period was crucial for composers. Some genres were cla imed to be retrogressive, while others (like oratorio) to be new and purifying for people. The best composers remain silent for the first decade of that period. There are some exceptions. For example, Lubomir Pipkov who was a talented and educated musician was "oriented" quickly and star ted the foundation of the socialistic realism music. He worked mainly in vocal music, operas and oratorios with text, suitable for the new authorities. For other composers, who weren't that adaptive, began a hard period. The communist party, following the example of Russian Communist party, started to determine the rules for "good, valuable" art and labeled with formalism everything more contemporary, than it was believed to match the new soul of people ( In Russia - the opera "Lady Macbeth from Mtsenskaia Gubernia" from Schostakovich). In Bulgaria started a real autodafe for the "enemies" of the people. The scores and records from the Sofia Radio were burned and many other library collections were destroyed. Priceless works like D.Nenov's "Spring" and Lazar Nikolov's Second Symphony are lost forever. Nenov was fired from the Music Academy and died soon after that. Nikolov was forbidden to be performed, Vladigerov and V.Stoyanov didn't create anything of global importance any more. New composers started to work and to write hymns for the party, all new holidays and communist Cong- resses. In the same time, composers like Parashkev Hadjiev and Vasil Kazandjiev tried to keep as neutral as possible and wrote music based on ancient legends or old Bulgarian history.
Performers from that period were mostly working abroad. Very talanted singers - Boris Christov, Nikolai Ghiaurov, Christina Morfova and many others transferred to major European theaters and performed only occasionally in Bulgaria, which was a reason for the decline of the opera houses. Some virtuosi piano players like Vaisenberg and Milcho Leviev also left the country. Major conductors like Dobrin Petkov were neglected for other (faithful to the party conductors) like K. Iliev.
Folk music was believed to be close to the real virtues of the communists, unlike the expressionistic or minimalistic art. Folk ensembles were in development. One of the most important musicians working in arranging of folk melodies was Philip Kutev. This groups had a big importance for the acceptance of the Bulgarian culture abroad. Still they are among the most popular Bulgarian artists in Europe and America.
Around 1970 and later was born a new generation of Bulgarian musici ans. People got tired of being ruled in their art views and some composers like Tsenko Minkin and Stefan Dragostinov started to create a more liberated and free art, close to the modern Western European tendencies. Both composers won international prizes for their works. Recently after the collapse of the communist party, the composers felt free to experiment with the modern musical means.
Some young performers like Aleksandrina Pendanchanska, Josif Radi- onov, Angel Stankov, Emil Naumov and others gained the recognition of the audience.
The folk music continued to spread abroad and now cd's like "The Mystery of Bulgarian Voices" are in the top charts of many record companies.
The new period was also the establishment and development of Bulga rian Pop music. Now there are artists working in many styles, like hard rock, heavy metal, rap, funk and other.
The overall tendency is of development and progress again, after big decline through the communist era in all genres and styles.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Bqlgarskiyat rok
Naposledqka mi se sluchi da si govorya s nay-razlichni hora po mrtejata i nyakaksi spontanno se zarodi ideyata da se opitam da izloja v organiziran vid , tova , koeto znam za bqlgarskiya rok. Tazi istoriya nyama da se zanimava s izvestnite nam ot socialistichesko minalo bqlgarski rok muzikanti, kato FSB, SHturcite, Tangra , Signal i Diana Ekspres, a shte se opita da vklyuchi dosta vajniya spored men fenomen na zarajzdaneto , razvitieto, apogeya i upadqka na neformalniya, ulichniya bqlgarski rok.
Az sqm jiv svidetel na po-golyamata chast ot izlojenite sqbitiya kakto i uchastnik v nyakoi ot tyah i zatova shte si pozvolya da pisha v izyavitelno naklonenie. I taka:
Nastoyashtata istoriya razglejda perioda ot nachaloto na 80-tte godini do dnes.
Prez 80-tte ili daje oshte po-rano se poyaviha v Sofiya pqrvite pqnkari. Do togava se e svirila muzika , povecheto Beatles i Acid rock, v sredite na taka narechenite hipari, zakqsnyalata reakciya na hipi-dvijenieto, chiito sedalishta byaha Monteto i Stenata v Parka. Pqnkarite sa edna grupichka puberiteti ot mahalata, koito slushat heavy metal i punk i reshavat, che e vreme da si poleyat kosite s bira i da zabodat bezopasnite igli. Pqrvite predstaviteli na dvijenieto byaha dvama - trima yunaci , poznati i na drugi uchastnici v diskusiite - nebezizvestniyte Kuni i Motopeya, Karlo, Dani, Bobi (Ramones), bratya Dinevi (Shemeta i Fashista) i oshte nikomu neizvestniya Kolyo Ciganina ili izvesten oshte pod imeto Kolyo Gilqna. Estestveno imashe oshte 10-tina yunaci chiito imena sqm zabravil, a fizionomiite im ne pomnya.
Grupichkata se sqbirashe v gradinkata zad Ruskata cherkva i tam se organizi- raha i sqotvetno vednaga sled tova se razpadaha pqrvite underground punk i hard rock grupi. Imenno tam izgrya zvezdata na edna ot nay-starite ni "mladi" grupi - TNT, preimenuvana po-kqsno v "Trotil", koyato sqshtestvuva i do dnes. Po tova vreme imashe mnogo malko drugi rok grupi. Shte se spra samo na dve ot tyah , koito po-kqsno zahraniha rodniya rock s mnogo i dobri muzikanti.
Pqrvata ot tyah beshe nebezizvestnata grupa "Apokalipsis" v sqstav : Niki Kacharov - kitara i vokal Bobi Gradinarski - kitara Svetlyo Daskalov - bas i Ivo Popov - barabani
Grupata beshe jestoka, Niki vqrteshe jica sled jica, muzikata beshe tvqrda, daje mnogo tvqrda. Shte vidim po-kqsno , che gornite muzikanti shte se poyavyat v drugi formacii.
Drugata 'stara' grupa beshe "Analgin", ot chiyto sqstav sui spomnyam dvama dushi - Richie - kitara i nebezizvestniya Zvezdi - vokal. Tam svireshe kato kitarist i edin Mitko ot frenskata gimnaziya po edno vreme.
Po tova vreme zapochnaha po chitalishta i uchilishta da se sqzdavat grupi ot uchenici, mladi, neopitni, no nahqseni i uporiti, smeli i optimisti.
Tryabva da vi kaja , che samo vqv Frenskata gimnaziya imashe osven "Apokalipsis" i 'Trotil" oshte 3 grupi. Ednata beshe grupata 'NLO', s Boreto Daskalov, chieto ime po-kqsno beshe otkradnato ot trimata shutove, izvestni ni dnes pod gornoto ime. Drugata grupa beshe sqzdadenata ot moya milost grupa "Nirvana" , sqshto mnogoizpatilo ime , otkradnato po-kqsno ot momchetata ot muzikalnoto, a sled tova i ot west beach rocker-ite, koito go napraviha svetovnoizvestno. Tretata grupa, moje bi nay-kupondjiyskata i nay-priyatna beshe "Krater", s Muvi, Joro i Sashko Kratera. "Krater" daje imaha i koncertni izyavi i mnogo publika i pochitatelki.
V Nemskata gimnaziya imashe grupa 'Izgrev', koyato vklyuchvashe Toni kato kitarist i Yavor Petrov , kato barabanist. Po kqsno Toni sqzdade "Testament" a Yavor sviri v dosta grupi i do den dneshen ne se e otkazal ot roka.
Dokolkoto si spomnyam i v Angliyskata gimnaziya se opitvaha da pravyat rok, no ne sqm mnogo siguren dokolko uspeshno e bilo, tam vqzlovata figura beshe Bogi Milchev, ako ne se lqja. Estestveno, nay-dobrite v profesionalno otnoshenie byaha momchetata i momichetata ot muzikalnoto (Niki Arabadjiev, Ogi, po-kqsno i grupata 'Nirvana' v koyato svireshe Misho, po-setneshen pianist v Nova Generaciya i nastoyash emigrant v Kanada, kakto i Orlin, po-setneshen barabanist na 'Impuls'). Ot muzikalnoto idva i Milena Slavova, izvestna poveche kato Milena. V Matematicheskata gimnaziya sqshto imashe dobri muzikanti Vaso Gyurov (po setne basist na Milena), Tomi (po-setne keyboard na "Testament" ili kakto se prekrqsti "Milenium") i drugi.
Sqshtestvuvaha i neutralni grupi, koito svireha po chitalishta, mazeta i tavani. Grupa , za koyato se seshtam v momenta beshe 'Tornado", s Juji - bas, Ivan Peshev - barabani i Galin Popov - kitara. Postepenno muzikantite pochnaha da se sqbirat na 'Kravay" i po-kqsno na Sinyoto kafe. Krqchmarskite muzikanti pqk, mejdu koito imashe mnogo kadqrnni momcheta , koito po-kqsno se 'vqrnaha' v roka , se sqbiraha na 'Kristal'.
Kqm sredata na 80-tte po starite muzikanti zapochnaha da vlizat v kazarmata i beshe prekqsnat procesqt na 'vtasvane' na tova bogato testo ot koeto vposledstvie se rodiha 'novite' bqlgarski rok grupi.
Po tova vreme se poyavi i izvestnata country grupa 'Atlas', s pevica Rosica Kirilova i kitarist Pepi Pisarski. Podvizavaha se i edinichni dobri i talantlivi muzikanti, kato Niki Tankov, Bojo Glavev, Pavkata Vasev, Joro Donkov i mnogo drugi.
Estestveno gornite fakti sa dosta razpokqsani i veroyatno dosta netochni, zashtoto baya voda izteche ot tezi vremena i spomenite postepenno izblednyavat. Izvinyavam se za eventualnite netochnosti i molya ako ima zabelejki, utochneniya i dopqlneniya, da bqdat izlojeni.
V sledvashta publikaciya shte razgledam perioda mejdu sredata na 80-tte i nachaloto na 90-tte, nay-plodotvorniya period za nashata rok-muzika.
It may be of interest that there is another complete set of Bulgarian course materials available through Slavica Press of Ohio. This course also assumes no previous knowledge of Bulgarian or any other Slavic language. The course has supplementary materials which are designed specifically for self-study.
The core-text, titled: A Course in Modern Bulgarian (by Milka Hubernova, Ana Dzhumadanova & Milka Marinova, Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishing, 1983; Library of Congress number: PG 835 K48x 1983) comes in two parts of about 300 pages each. The two parts consists of 62 lessons with about 60 pages of additional readings. There is enough material in the two volumes for a 2-3 year university course sequence. Best of all, each volume ends with a 40 page Bulgarian-English glossary consisting of vocabulary from both volumes. This glossary is a student's dream supplying accents, plurals, verb conjugations and aspect, and various irregulars. This feature alone is worth the price of the book. Note that the two volumes are available separately.
The six-volume supplemental workbooks for self-study for so-called "Individualized Instruction". The materials are divided into workbooks titled: Elementary Bulgarian 1, Elementary Bulgarian 2, Intermediate Bulgarian 1, Intermediate Bulgarian 2, Advanced Bulgarian 1, and Advanced Bulgarian 2. Intermediate Bulgarian 2 is by Lyubomira Parpulova-Gribble and Catherine Rudin and the other five volumes are by Charles E. Gribble and Lyubomira Parpulova-Gribble. In addition, each volume has a Teacher's Manual containing tests, transcriptions of material on the tapes, etc. There is also a set of tapes. The workbooks, Teacher's Manual, and tapes are available from:
Center for Slavic and Eastern European Studies
Ohio State University
Dulles Hall
230 West 17th Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Telephone: 614-292-8770
The first three workbooks cover the material in part one of the Hubenova text and the last three workbooks part two of the Hubenova text. These materials add more exercises, give additional grammatical explanations, add cultural notes, provide additional reading materials, etc. In addition, these offer two major features: supplementary note to the core text explaining points which the Bulgarian authors have overlooked because of their native speakers' "blind spot" and an answer key to the exercises. The workbooks are available singly with each covering several (10?) lessons.
Finally, a set of audio cassette tapes is available for volume one of the core text (lessons 1-26). These tapes include a reading of the text from each chapter, some drills and exercises, plus a few additional readings of some short texts.
The textbook and workbooks are all softbound and inexpensive. I don't know the price of the tapes as a set since the tapes I used were obtained by my university. I have read through parts of the State Department's text but it is the Hubenova text that our class worked through systematically. Comparing the two, I think each has significant shortcomings as well as strengths. My opinion is that there is no definitive text for the study of Bulgarian (as of now). Incidentally, I found the State Department's text in my local library which may be an option for those who like to browse before buying (Bulgarian Basic Courses, United State Foreign Service Institute. Dewey call number: 491 U58)
For those interested in the Hubenova text, the company is Slavica Publishers. From the publishers written statement in an 1987 book of theirs:
"Slavica publishes a wide variety of textbooks and scholarly books on the languages, peoples, literatures, cultures, history, etc. of the USSR and Eastern Europe. For a complete catalog of books and journals from Slavica, with prices and ordering information, write to:
Slavica Publishers, Inc.
P O Box 14388
Columbus, Ohio 43214 - 0388
Phone: 614 - 268 - 4002
Here is a short bibliography (from "Bulgarian" by Charles A. Moser, the George Washington University).
TEXTBOOKS
1. Charles A. Moser. Bulgarian (The George Washington University: Washington, DC 1991)
2. Albert Bates Lord. Beginning Bulgarian (The Hague: Mouton, 1962)
3. Milka Hubenova, Ana Dzhumadanova. A Course in Modern Bulgarian 1,2. Slavica Publishers: Columbus, Ohio, 1983)
Part 1, viii + 303 p. 1983 ( ISBN:0-89357-104-0), $ 16.95
Part 2, ix + 303 p., 1983 (ISBN: 0-89357-105-9), $ 16.95.
4. Charles Gribble and Lyubomira Parpulova-Gribble. Elementary Bulgarian 1,2. Bulgarian Individualized Instruction (Ohio State University: Columbus, Ohio, 1984)
5. Lyubomira Parpulova-Gribble and Charles Gribble. Advanced Bulgarian 1,2. Bulgarian Individualized Instruction (Ohio State University: Columbus, Ohio, 1987)
6. James Augerot & Nikolay Popov. Bqlgarski ezik: A University Course in the Bulgarian Language (Seattle, 1987)
GRAMMARS
1. Leon Beaulieux. Grammaire de la langue bulgare (Institut d'etudes slaves: Paris, 1950)
2. Ernest Scatton. A Reference Grammar of Modern Bulgarian (Slavica Publishers: Columbus, Ohio, 1984)
SPECIFIC TOPICS
1. Ernest Scatton. Bulgarian Phonology (Slavica Publishers: Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, 1975)
2. Charles Gribble. Reading Bulgarian Through Russian (Slavica Publishers: Columbus, Ohio, 1987)
There are 30 letters. I will show them using a graphical description of the capital letter (in a 7X7 bitmap).
01 01 [a]
O
O O
O O
OOOOOOO
O O
O O
O O
02 02 [b]
OOOOOOO
O
O
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
03 03 [v]
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
04 04 [g]
OOOOOOO
O
O
O
O
O
O
05 05 [d]
OOO
O O
O O
O O
O O
OOOOOOO
O O
06 06 [e]
OOOOOOO
O
O
OOOOO
O
O
OOOOOOO
07 07 [3] (as in 'vision')
O O O
O O O
OOO
O
OOO
O O O
O O O
08 08 [z] (as in 'zeal')
OOOOO
O O
O
OOO
O
O O
OOOOO
09 09 [i]
O O
O OO
O O O
O O O
O O O
OO O
O O
10 10 [y]
OOO
O O
O OO
O O O
OO O
O O
11 11 [k]
O O
O O
O O
OOOO
O O
O O
O O
12 12 [l-] superimposed hyphen on [l]:
O (IPA symbol for a sound
O O closer to [w] than to [l])
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
13 13 [m]
O O
OO OO
O O O O
O O O
O O
O O
O O
14 14 [n]
O O
O O
O O
OOOOOOO
O O
O O
O O
15 15 [o]
OOOOO
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
OOOOO
16 16 [p]
OOOOOOO
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
17 17 [r]
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
O
O
O
18 18 [s]
OOOOO
O O
O
O
O
O O
OOOOO
19 19 [t]
OOOOOOO
O
O
O
O
O
O
20 20 [u]
O O
O O
O O
OOOOOO
O
O O
OOOOO
21 21 [f]
O
OOOOO
O O O
O O O
O O O
OOOOO
O
22 22 [h]
O O
O O
O O
O
O O
O O
O O
23 23 [ts]
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O
OOOOOOO
O
V
24 24 [ts] (this corresponds to the
O O English 'ch' as in 'chat'
O O
O O
OOOOOOO
O
O
O
V
25 25 [s] English 'sh' as in 'show'
O O O
O O O
O O O
O O O
O O O
O O O
OOOOOOO
V
26 26 [st] English 'sht' as in
O O O 'fresh tea'
O O O
O O O
O O O
O O O
OOOOOO
O
27 27 [^] lower-mid back unrounded
OO vowel: you can get an idea
O from the English 'cut'
O
OOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOO
28 28 [y]
O
O
O
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
29 29 [yu]
O OOO
O O O
O O O
OOO O
O O O
O O O
O OOO
30 30 [ya]
OOOOOO
O O
O O
OOOOOO
O O
O O
O O
Each line represents one site which has some cyrillic font software. The text on the first line is the site name. The second line shows the path name of the directory containing the cyrillic font software. Note: this listing is accurate as of August 1, 1993.
bongo.cc.utexas.edu
source/tex/AMS-TeX-2.1/amsfonts/sources
claude.cs.umb.edu
private
e-math.ams.com
ams/amsfonts/sources
emx.cc.utexas.edu
pub/mnt/source/tex/AMS-TeX-2.1/amsfonts/sources
ftp.uu.net
pub/text-processing/TeX/ams/amsfonts/sources
gatekeeper.dec.com
contrib/src/crl/tex/src/tex-3.141/ams/amsfonts
gatekeeper.dec.com
contrib/src/crl/tex/mips-ultrix/tex-3.141/ams/amsfonts
kekule.osc.edu
pub/russian/rustex/ftp.tex.ac.uk
ussian/cyr386ix/cyr386ix
kekule.osc.edu
pub/russian/amiga/fonts
labrea.stanford.edu
pub/tex/ams/amsfonts/sources
ftp.cs.umd.edu
pub/cyrillic
pith.uoregon.edu
pub/Solaris2.x/src/tex-3.141/ams/amsfonts
sunsite.unc.edu
pub/packages/TeX/stanford-mirror/ams/amsfonts/sources
wuarchive.wustl.edu
mirrors4/tex/ams/amsfonts/sources
wuarchive.wustl.edu
mirrors3/archive.umich.edu/msdos/dos_fonts
clover.csv.warwick.ac.uk
pub/tex/ams/amsfonts/sources
cnam.cnam.fr
pub/TeX/TeX3/ams/amsfonts
colonsay.dcs.ed.ac.uk
pub/tex/amstex2.1/amsfonts/sources
colonsay.dcs.ed.ac.uk
export/tex/amstex2.1/amsfonts/sources
ipc1.rvs.uni-hannover.de
ftp1/rus/tex/macros/ams/amsfonts/sources
math12.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de
pub/tex/languages
quepasa.cs.tu-berlin.de
pub/TeX/macros/ams/amsfonts/sources
quepasa.cs.tu-berlin.de
pub/TeX/TeX-3.141/ams/amsfonts/sources
reseq.regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de
informatik.public/comp/typesetting/tex/tex3.14/AMS/amsfonts/sources
sol.cs.ruu.nl
TEX/AMS/amsfonts/sources
unix.hensa.ac.uk
pub/uunet/pub/text-processing/TeX/ams/amsfonts/sources
iamsun.unibe.ch
TextProcessing/TeX/AMS/amsfonts/sources
kth.se
kth/tex/ams/amsfonts/sources
liasun3.epfl.ch
pub/tex/tex3.14-imake202/ams/amsfonts/sources
nctuccca.edu.tw
USENET/comp.archives/x11
nctuccca.edu.tw
Packages/tex/ams/amsfonts/sources
nctuccca.edu.tw
PC-MsDos/UMich-msdos/dos_fonts
ugle.unit.no
pub/tex/TeX-3.141/ams/amsfonts/sources
toklab.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
X11R5.binary/lib/fonts
(1) AlphaWin adds to Windows 3.1 and other Windows applications (Word for Windows, Excel, WordPerfect for Windows, etc.) the ability to write in Cyrillic (Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Mace- donian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), and in other East (Albanian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Roumanian, Slovak, Turkish) and West European languages as well as in Greek, Armenian, and Baltic languages. By using the Windows graphic capabilities with TrueType and PostScript fonts, one can easily arrange text and data on screen, and then see it printed (WYSIWYG).
(2) AlphaRead is an OCR software that reads multiple TIFF files with built in Russian and Bulgarian spell checkers.
(3) AlphaLex includes English-Russian and English-Bulgarian dictionaries as well as Hyphenators in these languages.
If you are interested, please, contact
T. TODOROV
P.O.Box 39
Kr. Popov No 49
BG-1421 Sofia, Bulgaria
FAX: +3592 665281
E-Mail: rtodorov@iwt7.uni-bielefeld.de
I eto kakvo pravja.
(Predvaritelno iskam da kazha, che ne razbiram pochti nishto ot kompjutri, taka che specialistite da ne se smejat, ako syshtestvuvat po-prosti reshenija ili na mesta govorja gluposti. Vazhnoto e, che tova reshenie raboti za men i za tova iskam da go spodelja. Vyzmozhno e da e polezno i za njakoj drug.)
Napravih si dva konvertirashti makrosa - edin za latinizacija i edin za kirilizacija. (Az polzvam _PC and Word for Windows_.) Te predstavljavat neshto takova:
Sub MAIN EditReplace .Find = "?", .Replace = "?", .WholeWord = 0, .MatchCase = 0, .Format = 0, \ .ReplaceAll = 1 . . EditReplace .Find = "?", .Replace = "?", .WholeWord = 0, .MatchCase = 0, .Format = 0, \ .ReplaceAll = 1 End SubKato na mjastoto na ? slagam syotvetnite znaci, koito trjabva da se zamenjat.
Izpolzvam slednata konvencija za bylgarskata azbuka:
A; B; V (W); G; D; E; ZH; Z; I; J; K;
L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; F; H (X sled Z);
C; CH; SH; SHT; Y (Q); J; JU; JA
Taka che spokojno si pisha na kirilica v _Word_, sled tova konvertitam na latinica, posle prehvyrljam v _ASCII_ format i izprashtam v ljubimata _soc.cult.bg_.
Kogato poluchavam postingi na bylgarski s latinica, pyrvo gi prehvyrljam v _Word_, posle prilagam obratnija proces i si cheta spokojno na rodnata pismenost.
-----------------------
Preimushtestva:
naj-posle pishesh i chetesh na kirilica;
nishto ne se instalira po syrverite;
lesnota na reshenieto - vseki mozhe da si napravi podobni konverirashti makrosi, nezavisimo kakyv _hardware i software_ polzva; mashinna syvmestimost;
psihologicheska syvmestimost - kojto njama vreme i zhelanie da konvertira, mozhe pak da si chete i pishe direktno na latinica, dokato drugi vsyshtnost prilagat translaciite.
Nedostatyci:
zaguba na vreme za konvertirane;
zaguba na vreme za prehvyrljane na postingite v syotvtnija tekstovi redaktor, i obratno v _ASCII_.
------------------------------------- Nakraja za konvencijata.
Mislja, che i bez da e zadavana izrichno, nad 90% ot horata, pisheshti na bylgarski s latinica, se predyrzhat kym neja. Bi bilo chudesno ako vsichki go pravjat. Tova olesnjava cheteneto dori bez da stava duma za konvertirane. Kakto se vizhda, kydeto e vyzmozhno, sym predvidil i alternativi - ne samo V, no i W vyv "v", ne samo _Y_, no i _Q_ v "y", zashtoto ima bylgari iz Mrezhata, koito pishat i po tozi nachin. Ako _W i Q_ se upotrebjavat samo v tezi sluchai, ednoznachnostta vse pak se zapazva.
Izvsten problem predstavljava bukvata "h", kojato osven che e systavna v znacite za "sht", "sh", "zh" i "ch", e syshto taka i samostojatelna bukva.
Zapadnite slavisti sa reshili problema, kato izpolzvat _X_ kogato stava duma za samostojatelnata upotreba (naprimer v "hljab"). Tyj kato obache v _soc.cult.bg_ povecheto hora pishat samo "h" i v dvata sluchaja, az napravih kompromis - reshih da upotrebjavam _X_ samo v syvsem redkite sluchai, kogato e vyzmozhna neednoznachnost na cheteneto. A imenno SAMO v kombinacijata "ZX" (v "izxod", "razxod", "vyzxod", "vyzxiten" i pr.). Inache "h" si e _H_. Taka i agneto sito, i vylka cjal :-)
Drugi razlichija:
Bukvite "zh" i "er malyk" se pishat ot njakoi kato _J ili DJ_ i syotvetno _Y_. Syshto taka syvsem rjadko "c" se sreshta kato _TS ili TZ_. Bih pomolil tezi hora (ako tova ne nakyrnjava osobeno lichnata im svoboda na izkaz) da se pridyrzhat kym neglasnata konvencija. Za koeto predvaritelno im blagodarja.
I posledno syobrazhenie: kogato v teksta si na bylgarski vkljuchvam dumi i bukvi direktno na anglijski, obiknoveno gi zagrazhdam s "dolni tireta" (t.e. s _ ), zashtoto kogato se konvertira vsichko obratno v kirilica se poluchavat razni idiotshtini (naprimer ako pisha USA, pisha go _USA_, za da se znae, che tova e SASHT, a ne njakakva si "uvca" ili "osa" :-)
Vyprosa za transliterirashtata konvencija bi mogyl da se vkljuchi vyv _FAQ_.
There are two families of Cyrillic fonts which can be used with TeX/LaTeX:
wncyr.... -- included in AMSTeX
cmcyr.... -- made to look and feel like Computer Modern latin
You can get them [ and anything else you ever wanted for TeXing ] by anonymous
ftp from many sites. My favorites:
rusinfo.rus.uni-stuttgart.de
ymir.claremont.edu
niord.shsu.edu
If you're in Europe -- look in Stuttgart. It's a UNIX machine. The fonts
can be found in the "pub/soft/tex/fonts/ams" directory.If you're in North America -- look in Sam Houston State U. [ in Texas, of course ]. The fonts are in the "anon_dev:fileserv.amsfonts_cyrillic" directory. It's on a VAX.
One problem. These directories contain the Metafont [ extension .MF ] font files. These are device-independent font maps. To generate fonts for the particular printer you are using from the particular machine you are writing on, you need to run METAFONT.
For those of you [ like me ] using good old-fashioned 486's and HP LaserJets here follows first-hand info. For those of you on _any_ other machine, just log into one of the above and look for machine-specific stuff. As an aside, rusinfo, e.g., contains the following subdirectories in "pub/soft/tex/systems/: acorn, amiga, atari, mac, msdos, os2, unix, etc.
Back to PC users -- log into stuttgart, e.g., and look in "/pub/soft/tex/ systems/msdos/emtex". This contains the excellent emTeX package [ give credit to Eberhard Mattes here] which has Tex, LaTex, BibTeX, PicTeX, SliTeX, bTeX, bLaTeX, etc. _plus_ screen and printer drivers _plus_ [ most importantly ] Metafont -- in /disk4 -- mf... and mfware...
Well, you just get these files, unzip them, read the instructions. Then get the font [ *.MF ] files. Then execute MFJOB [ properly ] and let it generate the cyrillic fonts for whatever printer you happen to have. If you are running emTeX then you may want to consolidate these newly generated fonts into your font library files [ .FLI]using FONTLIB. If you decide to keep them as separate .PK files or as separate cyrillic.FLI libraries, don' forget to update your printer.CNF file accordingly.
I recommend patience; you should succeed in a couple of days. I'm afraid I can't volunteer willingly to answer all questions -- last time I did this was a year ago and my memory is not what it used to.
I am also assuming you have a keyboard and a screen driver to let you input and see cyrillic characters. Again, on the PC, I use the "BDS" driver -- by far the most popular in BG [ year-old info ].
It is frequently necessary to convert from one representation to another representation of the foreign alphabet. E.g., in the Library of Congress transliteration, the Russian letter sha is transliterated as two Latin letters "sh" while the popular word processors use a code 232 (decimal), the RELCOM network uses a code 221, and the KOI7 set uses character "[" for the same letter. So if your screen driver, printer, word processor, etc. uses different codes than the text file which you have, you need to transliterate.
The TRANSLIT program is a powerful tool for such tasks. It converts an input file in one representation to the output file in another representation using appropriate, user defined, transliteration table. Transliteration table allows for very elaborate transliteration tasks and includes provisions for plain character sequences, character lists, regular expressions (flexible matches), SHIFT-OUT/IN sequences and more. The program comes with documentation and examples of popular transliteration schemes. The Russian language serves as an example. Other files will be added with your collaboration.
How to get the program?
First, retrieve file: readme.doc --- it describes the files in the program distribution and has detailed instructions on how to obtain the program.
Via FTP (if you are on Internet):
---------------------------------
ftp kekule.osc.edu (or ftp 128.146.36.48)
Login: anonymous
Password: Your_email_address (Please...)
ftp> ascii
ftp> cd pub/russian/translit
ftp> get readme.doc
ftp> quit
Via E-mail:
-----------
Send message:
send translit/readme.doc from russian
to OSCPOST@osc.edu or OSCPOST@OHSTPY.BITNET. The file readme.doc will be forwarded to your mailbox.
Author coordinates:
Jan Labanowski
P.O. Box 21821
Columbus, OH 43221-0821, USA
jkl@osc.edu, JKL@OHSTPY.BITNET
1 - edno (ed-NOH) 2 - dve (DVAY) 3 - tri (TREE) 4 - chetiri (CHAY-tee-ree) 5 - pet (PET) 6 - shest (SHEST) 7 - sedem (SAY-dem) 8 - osem (AW-sem) 9 - devet (DAY-vet) 10 - deset (DAY-set)
Bulgaria
Sofia 1000
1b "Raiko Daskalov" Sq.
HEMUS Co.,Inc.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-5-12.TXT
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-5-13.TXT
[Last updated: March 31, 1994]
Znachi, ne pomnya koj me beshe pomolil da slozha shriftove s kirilitza na magdanoz-a. E, slozhil sqm gi, te sa s bqlgarsko razpolozhenie na bukvite i sa na magdanoz,
f:\usr\archives\uploads\ttfonts\cyrtiff.arj
failcheto e kqmto 300 k i se pretakva za nula vreme.
[Last updated: March 31, 1994]
From: Athol Yates "ayates%lingua.cltr.uq.oz.au@CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU"
There have been several enquiries in the past on reading Cyrillic with Optical Charator Recognition software.
The following three OPC programs are available in Russia.
1. TIGER. Produced by XCognitive Technologies Ltd, Russia. It costs 188 US$ and is designed solely for Cyrillic script. It does not read Latin script. Installation manuals are in Russian. This is the least popular.
2. CUNEIFORM for Windows. Also produced by XCognitive Technologies Ltd, Russia.
It costs 219 US$ and recognises 4 languages (English, Russian, German plus one other). Supports more than 30 scanners. It even recognises texts in TIFF, PCX, etc. graphic formats. Installation manuals are in Russian. Help function inside the program is in English. All the dialog boxes are in English.
3. FINEREADER is produced by Bit Software, Inc. Russia. Price - 149 US$. It can recognise both Latin and Cyrillic characters. Supports the following scanners: ScanJet, ScanJet Plus, ScanJet II, etc., Microtek Family: MS 200, MS 400, MS 300 + modifications, complete PC Family: Hand Scanners: GS-4500, etc., Umax family...etc. Supports grafic formats: TIFF, PCX, ZSoft. This is the most professional progam. Installation manuals are in Russian. Help inside the program can be selected by the user to be in Russian or in English.
There are no OPC packages for MACs yet. Contary to my previous message, SPOT OPC is no longer available in the Russian market.
The packages can be ordered from The Russian Software Distribution Company. I am not sure of the postage costs. They can be contacted on: chiv@polymer.chem.msu.su
Contact name is Ilya.
I have dealt with him before when I was searching for some Russian software I needed and he were reliable. They say they can find Font, Lexicongraphy, teaching games, spell checkers etc software.
Bulgarian Embassy Commercial Office
Boris Ratchev, Commercial Attache
1621 22nd Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20008
Tel: 202-332-6609
Fax: 202-462-8051
Telex: 21-15-61
Eastern Europe Business Information Center
Room 7412
U.S. Department of Commerce
14th St. and Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20230
Tel: 202-482-2645
Fax: 202-482-4473
U.S. Department of Commerce
Jeremy Keller, Lynn Fabrizio
Bulgaria Desk Officers
Room 3413
14th St. and Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20230
Tel: 202-482-4915
Fax: 202-482-4505
Bulgaria-U.S. Trade & Economic Council
Kay Larcom, Executive Director
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
1615 H Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20062
Tel: 202-463-5482
Fax: 202-463-3114
Bulgarian-American Enterprise Fund
333 West Wacker Drive, Suite 2080
Chicago, Illinois 60606
President and CEO: Frank L. Bauer
Tel: 312.629.2500 Fax 312.629.2929
Address in Bulgaria:
3 Shipka Street
1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel: [359-2] 44.18.62 Fax: [359-2] 44.30.18
Managing Director, Bulgaria: L. Searl Vetter
For Consular Services Only (visas, consular law, etc.)
Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria
Georgi Peychinov, Consular Officer
1621 22nd Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20008
Tel: 202-483-5885
Fax: 202-234-7973
Consular Office hours:
10:30 a.m.-12:30 a.m.
Monday-Friday
John Fogarasi, Commercial Attache
No.1 Bulgaria Square
NDK Administration Building, 5th Floor
Sofia, Bulgaria
(APO NY 09213-5740)
Tel: 359-2-65-94-64 (or 359-2-88-48-01 ext. 307)
Fax: 359-2-80-38-50 (or 80-19-77)
Telex: 22690 BG
Ministry of Industry & Trade
Boris Nachev, International Trade Specialist
8, ul. Slavyanska
1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel: 359-2-80-37-28
Fax: 359-2-89-76-05
Evgeni Kharalanov, U.S. Desk Officer
Tel: 359-2-87-24-20
Fax: 359-2-89-76-05
Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce & Industry
Vladimir Lambrev, President
11A, A.Stamboliiski Blvd.
1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel: 359-2-87-26-31
Fax: 359-2-87-32-09
Bulgarian-American Enterprise Fund
Ms. L. Searle Vetter, Managing Director
3 Shipka Street
Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel: 359-2-44-18-62
Fax: 359-2-43-89-47
4 year Bachelor of Arts Degrees in Administration, Applied Economics, Computer Science, History, English, Political Science/International Relations, Journalism/Mass Communications.
Accredited through the University of Maine, TOEFL and SAT or ACT required.
American University in Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad 2700, Bulgaria
Tel.: (359) 73-23 652
(359) 73-20 968
Fax: (359) 73-25 218
American University in Bulgaria
Office of Development
3243 Sutton Place N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20016
Tel.: (202) 686-9890
Fax: (202) 686-4538
e-mail domain name : aubg.bg
For e-mail:
There are two variants to try first:
NAME@aubg.bg and NAME@nws.aubg.bg
Yet the American University in Bulgaria is NOT connected to Internet via an TCP/IP link, therefore, there is no way you can find aliases, or an IP address for it. Sometimes local mailers reject 'aubg.bg' as a valid domain for this reason. What I found to work is:
NAME%aubg.bg@Bulgaria.eu.net
Here are some names to use in case you have specific questions:
valentin@... Mr. Valentin Shopov, Office of Communications and Computing
danche@... Iordanka Melnikliyska, Admissions Officer
watkins@... Ms. Watkins, the President of the University
pstmaster@... Gets forwarded to Mr. Shopov.
Thanks to: vogel@cogsci.edinburgh.ac.uk, daniel@digsys.bg, Wiktor Gonet (GONET@klio.umcs.lublin.pl), and Jeffrey Goldberg (goldberg@nytud.hu) for their invaluable help.
postmaster@acmbul.bg
American Association for the Promotion of BULGARIAN CULTURE
The American Association for the promotion of Bulgarian Culture (AAPBC) is an American non-profit organization, founded in Washington, D.C., with international membership, which shall foster the culture of Bulgaria to take a deserved place among the cultures of the world. It shall be guided by the following principles:
1. AAPBC shall invariably serve as a reliable source of information concerning the culture of Bulgaria.
2. AAPBC shall facilitate the explanation and interpretation of the evolution of the culture of Bulgaria.
3. AAPBC shall support the creation of valuable works of culture and the advancement and dissemination of the culture of Bulgaria in all its aspects.
4. AAPBC shall make impartial efforts toward the preservation of all Bulgarian cultural treasures.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp
from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-6-6.TXT
1000 Sofia
(The Commission's office is centrally located at the above address in the building of the Ministry of Culture, 3rd floor. It is opposite the Ministry of Education and Science and within walking distance of the American Embassy and the American Cultural Center).
Office hours - 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Monday-Friday
Phone and Fax of the Fulbright Commission: 88-45-17
The Bulgarian-American Fulbright Commission for Educational Exchange was established in February 1993 following the signing of a binational agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Bulgaria in November 1992. Although the youngest in Europe, the Commission will base its policy regarding planning, selection, and administration of the Ful- bright program on the experience of educational exchange between the U.S. and Bulgaria accumulated during the last 25 years and the needs of the dynamic present. The principles we have adopted are fully in tune with the spirit of the Fulbright initiative.
The Bulgarian Studies Association of North America was founded in 1971 by a group of American and Canadian scholars concerned with Bulgarian subjects. Its purpose is to encourage academic investigation of Bulgaria, exchange information, and develop relations with Bulgarian scholars. The BSA organized the first joint meeting of North American and Bulgarian scholars at Madison, Wisconsin in 1973. This was followed by meetings in Varna, Boston, and Smolyan. The Fifth International Conference will be held in Pittsburgh 27-28 May, 1994.
The BSA publishes a newsletter, appearing about four times each year, with information on the activities of the organization and its individual members. Membership is open to anyone with an interest in Bulgarian studies. Dues are $15.00 per year. Requests for membership should be sent to its secretary: Martha Forsyth, 51 Davis Avenue, West Newton, MA 02165-1925.
The current president of the BSA is Prof. Dennis P. Hupchick, Department of History, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766.
For further information by email, contact bell@umbc2.umbc.edu (John Bell)
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Try to contact the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. They are probably the best address for jobs with a focus on FSU/Eastern Europe. Even if they cannot offer you a job they know thousands of companies in the respective countries. The EBRD can be reached by mail:
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
One Exchange Square
London EC2A 2EH
England
Tel.: +4471-3386435
Fax: +44713386486
As far as I know the US have an liason officer there. Hope this helps.
Holger Zscheyge n65897@ns1.rz.fhtw-berlin.de
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
From: Jim Cashel "jcashel@eurasia.org"
SOURCES FOR FUNDING COMPILED BY WORLD LEARNING INC.
Drago's note: these sources are primarily intended for the NIS (Newly Independent States - xUSSR). I have kept these addresses which I thought might be relevant to Bulgaria as well.
The PVO/NIS Project realizes there are a lot of worthy projects still unfunded. Therefore, we would like to present a partial list of alternative funding sources. It is important to keep in mind that such data is meant to serve as a point of departure for your own research and is evolving and always subject to change.
The sources of funding for activities in the NIS are many and varied. Unless you know where to look and precisely what you are looking for it can be confusing. In fact, in an ever-changing NIS environment, it is hard to know where funding is with any precision. There are many PVOs looking to tap into funds in the sectors of health, the private sector, democratic reform, exchanges and training, and women's health. INTERACTION, an association of U.S. PVOs, is seeking to coordinate and concentrate funding priorities for the NGO community in these sectors. The following provides an overview of some of these groups, their activities, and where available the $ amount of grants they may be distributing.
PRIVATE
The National Endowment for Democracy
1101 15th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 293-9072 phone
(202) 223-6042 fax
Cross-Sectoral
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Public Information Office
5520 N. Magnolia Avenue
Chicago, IL 60640-1307
(312) 728-6996 phone
(312) 728-6886 fax
Soros Foundation
888 7th Avenue, Ste 1901
New York, NY 10106
(212) 757-2323 phone
(212) 974-0367 fax and education
The Ford Foundation
320 E. 43rd Street
New York, NY 10017
(212) 573-5000 phone
(212) 599-4584 fax
Rockefeller Foundation
1133 Ave. of the Americas
New York, NY 10036
(212) 869-8500 phone
Civil Society Building
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
1200 Mott
Foundation Bldg.
Flint, MI 48502-1851
(313) 238-5651 phone
Rockefeller Bros. Fund
1290 Avenue of Americas
New York, NY 10104
(212) 373-4200 phone
(212) 315-0996 fax
Small Business Development
The Fund for Democracy and Development
2033 M St., NW Ste. 506
Washington, DC 20036
Human Rights
Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation
218 East 18th Street
New York, NY 10003
(212) 475-1137 phone
Advocacy
Smith Richardson Foundation
60 Jessup Street
Westport, CT 06880
(203) 222-6222 phone
(203) 222-6282 fax
John Merck Fund
11 Beacon Street
Suite 1230
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 723-2932 phone
Environment
ISAR (formerly the Institute for Soviet-American Relations)
1601 Connecticut, NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 387-3034 phone
(202) 667-3291 fax
Women's Rights
Global Fund for Women
2480 Sand Hill Rd.,
Suite 100
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(415) 854-0420 phone
(415) 854-8050 fax
Economy Building
The World Bank Group
Room H 2007
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
(202) 473-8261 phone
Attn: Mr. Westen
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
(44) 71-338-6569 phone
(44) 71-338-6487 fax
US Government
Privatization
U.S. Dept. of Commerce
International Trade Administration
Special American Business Internship Training Program (SABIT)
Room 3413
Washington, DC 20230
(202) 482-0073 phone
(202) 482-2443 fax ALSO Consortia of American Businesses in the NIS (CABNIS)
200 Daingerfield Road
Alexandria, VA 22314
(703) 684-1080 phone
(301) 652-0141 phone
U.S. Small Business Administration
Office of International Trade, Room 6114
409 3rd Street, SW
Washington, DC 20416
800 827-5722 phone
(202) 205-7064 fax
Economy Building
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
1100 New York Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20527 (202) 336-8799 phone
800-424-6742 phone
(202) 408-9589 fax
Export Import Bank
ExImbank of the US
811 Vermont Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20571
(202) 535-9664 phone
(202) 566-7524 fax (Insurance)
(202) 566-8208 phone
(202) 566-7524 fax (Guarantees and loans)
U.S. Trade and Development Agency
SA-16, Rm. 309
Washington, DC 20523 (703) 875-4357 phone
(703) 875-4009 fax
Civil Society/ Democracy/ Media Relations
U.S. Information Agency
USIA, Rm. 751
301 4th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20547
(202) 619-5057 phone
(202) 619-5958 fax
National Endowment for the Arts, International Activities Office
1100 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Rm 528
Washington, DC 20506
(202) 682-5422 phone
(202) 682-5602 fax
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Rm 4079 SUSDA/FAS/EC
Washington, DC 20250
(202) 720-4274 phone
(202) 690-0727 fax
U.S. Dept. of Defense
(202) 783-3238 (CBD for contracts announcements)
U.S. Agency for International Development
A.I.D./NIS Task Force
320 21st Street NW
Washington, DC 20523
(202) 647-9950 phone
USAID NIS TASK FORCE PROJECTS/ OFFICES FOR 1994
Office of Emergency and Humanitarian Assistance (A.I.D.)
Don Eller (202) 736-6481
Alan Silva (202) 647-7614
Office of Energy, Environment, and Technology (A.I.D.)
Energy $254 million Contact: Edvard Markset (202) 736-4405
Environment $73 million Contact: James Bever (202) 736-4407, Energy-
Environment, Commodity Import Program $125 million
Office of Economic Restructuring (A.I.D.)
Economic Restructuring $50 million, Contact: Jane Barden (202) 647-2808
Housing $190 million
Trade and Investment $365 million, Contact: Raghawendra Dwivdey (202) 647-2809
Office of Private Sector Initiatives (A.I.D.)
Private Sector $425 million Contact: Greg Huger (202) 736-4410
Privatization $125 million Hans Shrader (202) 736-4806
Enterprise Fund $250 million, Contact: Jean Hacken (202) 736-4414
Office of Democratic Initiatives, Health, and Human Resources(A.I.D.) Special Initiatives $151 million, Contacts: Regina Coleman, (202) 647-5876 Bryant George (202)736-4264
Health $109 million
Women's Health Initiative $10 million, Contact: Lee Hougen (202) 736-7760
Democratic Reform $82 million, Contact: Kris Loken (202) 736-4267
Exchanges and Training (A.I.D.) $225 million Contact: Thomas Chapman (202) 647-7751
Food Systems (A.I.D.) $48 million Contact: Loretta Williams (202) 736-4418
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For foundations contact: the Citizens Democracy Corps (CDC), (202) 872-0933 or 1-800-394-1945; or The Foundation Center, (202) 331-1400 (DC), (212) 620-4230 (NY)
The BISNIS hot line for those interested in area business developments (202) 482-4655. Bids and contracts advertised in Commerce Business Daily (CBD) (202) 783-3238
This information was compiled by Scott Altmann and Margot Mininni who drew on many resources, among them: The CDC Compendium, the Business Information Service for the NIS (BISNIS) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, USAID, and information sent to World Learning's NIS office.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
BULGARIA [5 Sites]
American University in Bulgaria
AUBG Campus
2700 Blagoevgrad
TEL: (359) 7 320 951
FAX: (359) 7 320 603
E-MAIL:
DATE FOUNDED: 1991
DIRECTOR: Dr. Julia Watkins
The American University in Bulgaria's academic partner in the USA is the University of Maine, which provides accreditation, curriculum development, and initial recruitment of faculty. 25 of the 29 faculty members are American, and the university began admitting American study abroad students in 1993. Courses of study are offered in a wide range of disciplines. The university radio station, opened in 1991, was the first privately licensed radio station in Bulgaria.
Fulbright, IREX and USIS Information:
Fulbright Office
Ministry of Culture
17 Stambolisky Blvd.
1000 Sofia
TEL: (359) 2 884 517
FAX: (359) 2 884 517
E-MAIL:
USIS Office
18 Vitosha St.
Sofia
TEL: (359) 2 880 005 or 876 821
FAX: (359) 2 800 646
E-MAIL:
Sabre Partner Organizations:
Center for the Study of Democracy
1 Lazar Stanev St.
1113 Sofia
TEL: (359) 2 706 165
FAX: (359) 2 720 509
E-MAIL: csdbg@bgcict.bitnet
DIRECTOR: Ognian Shentov
Open Society Fund
1 Bulgaria Square
NDK Office Bldg., 11th fl.
1463 Sofia
TEL: (359) 2 658 177 or 801 780
FAX: (359) 2 658 276
E-MAIL: ososo@bgcict.bitnet
DIRECTOR: Boryana Savova
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Bulgarian Medical Association
in USA
March 20,1994, Indianapolis
MONTHLY BULLETIN:
In the last month since the BMA/USA was publisized in s.c.b there were considerable interest and inquires expressed by both bulgarian professionals and people from other newsgroups. To my knowledge there are about 200 bulgarians involved in the area of a biomedical research in the US universities. Significant number of bulgarian doctors already took the USMLE exams and are in process of residency. Still we do not have access to most of them. I expect Mrs Didi Arissian, who is the coordinator -secretary of the BMA/USA to get in touch with the bulgarian community via Internet and to inform us about the number of the actual members and the recent activitiies of BMA/USA. I learned also that there is a membership fee of $40 collected from some members. It would be appropriate to provide an iformation of how the budget is managed and who takes the legal responsibilities for this. We are seeking contacts with the bulgarian autorities from the Embassy who can assist us and help to establish contacts with US partners and officials in Bulgaria.
Dr. Boev from McGill University asked about the membership of the collegues from Canada. At this stage I think it would be better to establish BMA/Canada and there after to proceed toward BMA/ North America. In my opinion it will be easier even for BMA/USA to have representatives and coordinators based of regional principle -for example : West coast, Midwest and Southeast. All this details are still to be worked out.
We hope to hear from people interested in scientific exchange with Bulgarian Medical Institutions. BMA/USA postings will also appear in other newsgroups.
There is a sharp need of subscriptions for scientific journals for the librarires of the Bulgarian Medical Research Institutes . Those are relatively inexpensive and small contributions from both the bulgarian community and the friends of Bulgaria will be well appreciated. All interested can contact me. I am establishing CONTRIBUTOR'S LIST with initial donation of $50. All funds will be spend according to the contributor's will or when needed most, mainly for journal subscriptions. The names of the contributors will appear publicly, unless stated otherwise. I appeal to all bulgarian patriots and to the friends of Bulgaria who understand this urgent need for providing better medical care in Bulgaria.
Dr Simeon Boyadjiev,
SBOYADJ@indyvax.iupui.edu
Dept. of Medical Genetics -IUSM
975 W. Walnut St. IB-247,
Indianapolis, IN 45202 ,USA
(All oppinions are mine-SB)
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
It is my plesure to announce the establishment of a new professional organization - BULGARIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION IN THE USA (BMA/USA). This idea of ours and the initial work done by Dr Yanko Yankov and Dr Simeon Boyadjiev resulted in the first meeting in New York on April 28,93. For current chairman was elected Dr Lubomir Kanov and for assistant-coordinator Mrs. Didi Arissian.
The organization is open to everyone in the field of the medicine, biological sciences and medical technology, regardless of origin, sex, political or religious believes. No fees, no obligations. Our goals are:
1. To establish contacts among the bulgarian professionals in the USA for easier communications, mitual help and better professional realization .
2. Exchange of information in order to assist the accomplishment of the scientific projects with benefit for Bulgarian Health Care.
3. To establish contacts with the universities, organizations, companies and representatives of US health care system that would provide educational, technological and financial help for better health care in Bulgaria.
YOU ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO JOIN BMA/USA. For more information and suggestions contact Dr Simeon Boyadjiev (SBOYADJ@INDYVAX.IUPUI.EDU),Dept. of Medical Genetics, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202 or Mrs. Didi Arissian, Box 298, 1230 York Ave, Rockefeller University New York, NY 10021, Fax: (212) 327-8343.
3/5/1994, Indianapolis , Dr S. Boyadjiev
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Several weeks ago I posted information on the Eastern Europe Business Database CD-ROM. This post was in response to someones request for a source of information on companies in Eastern Europe. Since that time, I have been barraged with requests for more information on this CD-ROM. I guess that part of the problem was that I did not include the Department of Commerce order number for this item (PB93-506210GEI). Here is a repeat of the original posted message with the correct order number. Please contact them DIRECTLY.: Someone had asked for business contacts in Eastern Europe. A truly excellent source of information is the EASTERN EUROPE BUSINESS DATABASE CD-ROM which contains information on almost every company in Eastern Europe as well as thousands of pages of text related to doing business to or from Eastern Europe.
The CD is distributed by the U.S. Dept of Commerce, NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703) 487-4650. Their fax is (703) 321-8547. The price is $395.00, however, for orders from countries other then USA, Mexico or Canada, the price is $790.00. The NTIS order number is: PB93-506210GEI. The same/similar CD is also available from the American Directory Corp., G.P.O. Box-7426, New York, N.Y. 10116 Fax: 718-596-4852 also for $395.00. The price seems to be the same for all countries from them. We use the CD all the time to find out who produces what in Eastern Europe.
I received a message from a professor who said that he purchased the Eastern Europe Business Database CD-ROM from Updata Publications in Los Angeles, also for $395.00.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
An Archive Center for the Bulgarians abroad has been founded with the Sofia City Library at 4, Slaveykov Square. Being sponsored by the Association for Promotion of the Bulgarian Culture (An United States based organization) and OPEN SOCIETY FUND Sofia the Archive Center is collecting books, documents, brochures , articles, photographs, film footage and posters which reflect all aspects of the accomplishments of Bulgarians living abroad in the sciences, in the arts and in public life.
The Sofia City Library hopes the Archive Center which functions since 1992 might be a good opportunity for the Bulgarians abroad to donate important archival books and materials as well as to sponsor its numerous and broadening activities.
For additional information, please, contact:
Tatyana Kmetova
Sofia City Library
4, Slaveykov Square
1000 Sofia
Phones: (359 2) 864 239
(359 2) 874 854
Or:
EMBASSY OF THE
REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
1621 22nd Street, N.W.
Washington D.C. 20008
Phone: (202) 387-7969
Fax: (202) 234-7973
Boyan Papazov
Cultural Attache
E-mail (INTERNET): Bulgaria@access.digex.net
Prime Minister (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) : Lyuben Berov
Ministry Minister
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Trade Valentin Karabashev (Deputy Chairman)
Transportation Kiril Ermenkov
Labor/Social Welfare Evgeni Matinchev (Deputy Chairman)
Foreign Affairs Stanislav Daskalov
Environment Valentin Bosevski
Industry Rumen Bikov
Finance Stoyan Aleksandrov
Defense Valentin Aleksandrov
Interior Kosta Bogacevski
Justice Petqr Kornajev
Science & Higher Education Marko Todorov
Culture Ivaylo Znepolski
Agriculture Georgi Tanev
Health Tancho Gugalov
Territorial Development & Hristo Totev
Construction
Za mesechni dohodi ot zaplati
do 2000 leva - 20% za gornitsata nad 1250 leva
do 6000 leva 150 leva + 24% za gornitsata nad 2000 leva
do 12000 leva 1110 leva + 28% za gornitsata nad 6000 leva
do 200000 leva 2790 leva + 32% za gornitsata nad 12000 leva
do 400000 leva 5350 leva + 36% za gornitsata nad 20000 leva
do 800000 leva 12550 leva + 40% za gornitsata nad 40000 leva
do 125000 leva 28550 leva + 44% za gornitsata nad 80000 leva
do 225000 leva 48350 leva + 48% za gornitsata nad 125000 leva
nad 225000 leva 96350 leva + 52% za gornitsata nad 225000 leva
Za godishni dohodi ot svobodni profesii
do 24000 leva - 20% za gornitsata nad 15000 leva
do 72000 leva 1800 leva + 24% za gornitsata nad 24000 leva
do 144000 leva 13320 leva + 28% za gornitsata nad 72000 leva
do 240000 leva 33480 leva + 32% za gornitsata nad 144000 leva
do 480000 leva 64200 leva + 36% za gornitsata nad 240000 leva
do 960000 leva 150600 leva + 40% za gornitsata nad 480000 leva
do 1500000 leva 342600 leva + 44% za gornitsata nad 960000 leva
do 2700000 leva 580200 leva + 48% za gornitsata nad 1500000 leva
nad 2700000 leva 1156200 leva+ 52% za gornitsata nad 2700000 leva
GOLD ---- Ivan Ivanov Weightlifting 52 kg Nikolay Boukhalov Canoe 500 m singles Nikolay Boukhalov Canoe 1000 m singles SILVER ------ Valentin Getsov Free-style wrestling 68 kg Vessela Letcheva Air-Rifle Nonka Matova Smallbore Rifle - 3 positions Nikolai Peshalov Weightlifting 60 kg Yoto Yotov Weightlifting 67.5 kg Tsvetanka Khristova Discus DANIEL BOJINOV BOXING 48 KG BRONZE ------ Valentin Yordanov Free-Style Wrestling 114.5 lb. (???? kg) Maria Zdravkova (Grozdeva?) Air-Pistol Yordanka Donkova 100 m Hurdles Svilen Roussinov Boxing 201+ lb. (????? kg) Martin Marinov, Blagovest Stoyanov Canoe 500 doubles Stefan Botev Weightlifting 110 kgComments:
A TOTAL OF 16 MEDALS (3 GOLD, 7 SILVER, 6 BRONZE)
In weightlifting (after all events) : 4 medals ONLY.
In rhythmic gymnastics : NO medal
Spelling : according to the official spelling used in the newspapers.
*** World Cup 1962 (Chile, May 30-June 17) FIRST PHASE Group IV (Rancagua) Argentina 1-0 Bulgaria 1.HUNGARY 3 2 1 0 8- 2 5 Hungary 2-1 England 2.ENGLAND 3 1 1 1 4- 3 3 Argentina 1-3 England 3.Argentina 3 1 1 1 2- 3 3 Bulgaria 1-6 Hungary 4.Bulgaria 3 0 1 2 1- 7 1 Argentina 0-0 Hungary (England takes quarterfinal spot ahead Bulgaria 0-0 England of Argentina on goal average.) *** World Cup 1966 (England, July 11-30) FIRST PHASE Group III (Liverpool and Manchester) Brazil 2-0 Bulgaria 1.PORTUGAL 3 3 0 0 9- 2 6 Portugal 3-1 Hungary 2.HUNGARY 3 2 0 1 7- 5 4 Hungary 3-1 Brazil 3.Brazil 3 1 0 2 4- 6 2 Portugal 3-0 Bulgaria 4.Bulgaria 3 0 0 3 1- 8 0 Portugal 3-1 Brazil Hungary 3-1 Bulgaria *** World Cup 1970 (Mexico, May 31-June 21) FIRST PHASE Group IV (Leon) Peru 3-2 Bulgaria 1.WEST GERMANY 3 3 0 0 10- 4 6 Morocco 1-2 West Germany 2.PERU 3 2 0 1 7- 5 4 Peru 3-0 Morocco 3.Bulgaria 3 0 1 2 5- 9 1 Bulgaria 2-5 West Germany 4.Morocco 3 0 1 2 2- 6 1 Peru 1-3 West Germany Bulgaria 1-1 Morocco *** World Cup 1974 (West Germany, June 13-July 7) FIRST PHASE Group III (D"usseldorf, Hannover and Dortmund) Sweden 0-0 Bulgaria 1.NETHERLANDS 3 2 1 0 6- 1 5 Uruguay 0-2 Netherlands 2.SWEDEN 3 1 2 0 3- 0 4 Netherlands 0-0 Sweden 3.Bulgaria 3 0 2 1 2- 5 2 Bulgaria 1-1 Uruguay 4.Uruguay 3 0 1 2 1- 6 1 Bulgaria 1-4 Netherlands Sweden 3-0 Uruguay *** World Cup 1986 (Mexico, May 31-June 29) FIRST PHASE Group I (Ciudad de Mexico and Puebla) Bulgaria 1-1 Italy 1.ARGENTINA 3 2 1 0 6- 2 5 Argentina 3-1 South Korea 2.ITALY 3 1 2 0 5- 4 4 Italy 1-1 Argentina 3.BULGARIA 3 0 2 1 2- 4 2 South Korea 1-1 Bulgaria 4.South Korea 3 0 1 2 4- 7 1 South Korea 2-3 Italy Argentina 2-0 Bulgaria 1/8 FINALS Ciudad de Mexico Mexico 2-0 Bulgaria
Botev Plovdiv - *Olympiakos 2:3 1:5 (UEFA Cup)
Glasgow Rangers - *Levski 3:2 1:2 (Champions' Cup)
*CSKA - Balzers Liechtenstein 8:0 3:1 (Cup Holders' Cup)
Lokomotiv Plovdiv - *Lazio 0:2 0:2 (UEFA Cup)
Note: the teams marked with * advance to the second round.
2nd round (Oct. 20 and Nov. 3):
Levski - *Werder Bremen 2:2 0:1
*Benfica - CSKA 3:1 3:1
Note: the teams marked with * advance to the third round.
Source: rec.sport.soccer
So far (not in any specific order);
Georgi Asparuhov (Gundi) - football(soccer)
Dan Kolov - wrestling
Manuela Maleeva - tennis
Magdalena Maleeva - tennis
Katerina Maleeva - tennis
Stefka Kostadinova - track & field (high jump)
Yordanka Donkova - track & field (100 m hurdles)
Nurair Nurikyan - weightlifting
Stefan Botev - weightlifting
Antonio Krqstev - weightlifting
Naum Shalamanov (Naim Suleymanov) - weightlifting
Stefan Topurov - weightlifting
Hristo Markov - track & field (triple jump)
Tanya Bogomilova - swimming
Hristo Stoichkov - football(soccer)
Yordanka Hristova - track & field (discus)
Anelia Ralenkova - gymnastics
Iliana Raeva - gymnastics
Lili Ignatova - gymnastics
Petqr Georgiev - diving
...and a lot more
Bulgaria - France 2:0 France - Bulgaria 1:2
Bulgaria - Finland 2:0 Finland - Bulgaria 0:3
Bulgaria - Israel 2:2 Israel - Bulgaria 0:2
Bulgaria - Sweden 1:1 Sweden - Bulgaria 2:0
Bulgaria - Austria 4:1 Austria - Bulgaria 3:1
GROUP SIX:
----------
P W D L F A Pts GD
Sweden 10 6 3 1 19 8 15 +11
Bulgaria 10 6 2 2 19 10 14 + 9
--------------------------------------------------
France 10 6 1 3 17 10 13 + 7
Austria 10 3 2 5 15 16 8 - 1
Finland 10 2 1 7 9 18 5 - 9
Israel 10 1 3 6 10 27 5 -17
(source: rec.sport.soccer)
A: USA, Switzerland, Colombia, Romania
B: Brazil, Russia, Cameroon, Sweden
C: Germany, Bolivia, Spain, South Korea
D: Argentina, Greece, Nigeria, BULGARIA
E: Italy, Ireland, Norway, Mexico
F: Belgium, Morocco, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia
The games for our group will be:
June 21 Tuesday Foxboro Boston Argentina - Greece June 21 Tuesday Cotton Bowl Dallas Nigeria - Bulgaria June 25 Saturday Foxboro Boston Argentina - Nigeria June 26 Sunday Soldier Field Chicago Bulgaria - Greece June 30 Thursday Foxboro Boston Greece - Nigeria June 30 Thursday Cotton Bowl Dallas Argentina - Bulgaria3 points for a win, 1 point for a tie.
After this round, there are four possibilities for Bulgaria depending on our rank in the group.
1st place:
July 5 Boston vs. third place of groups B,E, or F
2nd place:
July 5 New York vs. winner of group E
3rd place (only the best four 3rd placed teams qualify):
July 3 Los Angeles vs. winner of group A OR
July 4 San Francisco vs. winner of group B
4th place:
Good luck for Euro'96 in England. 16 teams will qualify for the finals of the European Cup.
The Draw is out for the European Championships to be played in England in 1996.
Group I
France Romania Poland Israel Slovakia Azerbaijan
Group II
Denmark Spain Belgium Macedonia Cyprus Armenia
Group III
Sweden Switzerland Hungary Iceland Turkey
Group IV
Italy Ukraine Croatia Lithuania Estonia Slovenia
Group V
Netherlands Norway Czech Republic Belarus Malta Luxemburg
Group VI
Ireland Portugal Northern Ireland Austria Latvia Liechtenstien
Group VII
Germany Wales Bulgaria Georgia Armenia Moldova
Group VIII
Russia Greece Scotland Finland Faroe Islands San Marino
England + 8 Group winners make it directly.
The 6 Best runner ups make it as well.
The 2 runner ups with the poorest record play off on neutral ground
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Name: Hristo Stoichkov
Citizenship: Bulgarian
Born on 08/02/1966 in Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
Height: 1m78
Weight: 73 Kg
Position: FW
Previous clubs: Maritza Plovdiv, USM, Youri Gagarine, Hebross, CSKA Sofia, FC Barcelona.
Palmares: Champion of Bulgaria (1987, 89, 90), Bulgarian cup winner (1985, 87, 88, 89), Bulgarian super-cup winner (1989), Champion of Spain (1991, 92, 93), Spanish super-cup winner (1992), EC1 winner (1992), Golden boot "Soulier d'Or" 1990 (38 goals), "Onze d'Or" 1992.
He is the son of a former employee at the Ministery of Defense. Hristo Stoichkov started his football life in Plovdiv. As a "Number 5" then switched to all positions. Un "exile" at Hebross Harmanli (near the turkish frontier), and then the fabulous player moves in 1984 to the militarians of CSKA Sofia. He was already distinguishable for his strong character.
Despite the incidents that occured during the 1985 cup final, which opposed his team to Levski Spartak Sofia and that costs him to be banned for life (PBG manager was in Bulgaria in that time and remembers perfectly that game in which GK Mihailov from Levski was banned too). The ban was then reduced to a 1 year suspension. "The bitch", renamed later as "The fool" (because of all the things he says, and of his extravagant behaviour), is going to reveal its talents.
Elected three years in a row as "best player of the year", he is going to win almost everything with CSKA. "Golden Boot" in 1990, tying Hugo Sanchez, he moves to Barcelona.
Despite a mitigated start, a new two month suspension and conflictual relations with El Mister Cruijff -his past idole- (who is going to make him be a "number 8"), the president Nunez and the refereeing staff, "Itso" becomes quickly Camp Nou's darling.
On May 21st, 1992, he brings back the EC1 trophy to Barcelone. Approached by Napoli, Inter and PSG, he finally decides to stay with Barc~a (his contract runs till 96). After a terrific start of season -he loses the "Golden Ball" (Ballon d'Or) with just a few votes difference- he deceived last season. But this season, he rapidly got to his optimal level, and is ready to face Milan in the final of EC1, and to bring the Bulgarian National team its first win in a World-Cup competition game.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
preliminary round
Bulgaria - Nigeria 0:3
Bulgaria - Greece 4:0
Bulgaria - Argentina 2:0
Rankings in Group D:
W T L GF GA PTS
Nigeria 2 0 1 6 2 6 *
Bulgaria 2 0 1 6 3 6 *
Argentina 2 0 1 6 3 6 *
Greece 0 0 3 0 10 0
----
* - qualifies for next round
1/8 finals
Bulgaria - Mexico 4:2 (p.k., 1:1 in regulation and OT)
1/4 finals
Bulgaria - Germany 2:1
1/2 finals
Bulgaria - Italy 1:2
3-4 place game
Bulgaria - Sweden 0:4
total record:
4 wins (including one on p.k.)
1 tie
3 losses
10-11 goal differential
scorers:
6 - Stoichkov
2 - Lechkov
1 - Sirakov
1 - Borimirov
Those who went to vote for President of Bulgaria in Chicago may remember that next to the voting place there is a restaurant called "Play it again, Sam". When I was there I met the owner - Hamid Rousev. He invited me to go there again some other time when we would have time to chat. This happened when the Mistery of Bulgarian Voices Choir came to Madison. A friend of mine was here from Duke U. who had a car, so we took three of the singers with us and went to Hamid's place. Learning that my friends were Bulgarians and moreover, folk singers, we were met with the traditional Bulgarian hospitality. At the next table were sitting other Bulgarians, who decided that the first round should be on them. We had Slivova, Grozdova, Shopska Salata, wine, etc. Hamid came to us and we started talking about this and that, how things are going in Bulgaria, where he was from, are there many Bulgarians in Chicago. Gradually more and more Bulgarians came in the place and sat at our table - some have been in the States for more than 30 years, others have just come `na gurbet'. While we were talking, Hamid expressed many of the thaughts Luben Boyanov shared with us in his first letter on the Bulgarian mailing list - about the way Bulgarians abroad don't keep in touch with each other, the lack of cooperation among them (or us?), etc. So he told me about his idea: he turned out to be the owner of the place where we voted and he wants to turn it into a Bulgarian Club, where one could find Bulgarian newspapers, meet other Bulgarians, find information about different things, even come for help and advice. He wants to create a computer directory of Bulgarians troughout the US, so that if someone has to go to a new place, he or she will have an emergency connection there.
The evening continued with hora and folk songs, with the help of Kolyo, who is the regular keyboard player at Hamid's place, and with the wonderful voices of the singers. After spending more than 5 hours there, Hamid refused to get any money from us and wished us good luck on our way home, which we really needed.
If anybody is interested in this place or has the opportunity of helping the establishment of this club, here are the phone and fax numbers and the address of `Play it again, Sam':
Phone: (312)889-6088
Fax : (312)237-5444
7150 W. Grand Avenue
Chicago, IL 60635
If there are similar places in other cities in the US or in Europe, it will be interesting to here about it. I am ready to make a summary of the places, so you can either post it here, or you can mail it to me at vassil@cs.wisc.edu
from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-9-2.TXT
Predi vreme imashe ideya grupata da predlaga osven kulturna i politicheska sqshto i delova informaciya.
Eto moyta pqrva skromna lepta :
CENI NA KV. M. APARTAMENT V SOFIYA
Centqr 16800 lv.
Belite brezi ,Ivan Vazov, Hipodruma - 14500 lv.
Zona B-5, Pavlovo , Zaharna fabrika - 13800 lv.
Iztok , Serdika - 13000 lv.
Geo Milev, Bqkston,Borovo,Banishora - 12000 lv.
Razsadnika,Suha reka,Poduene - 9300 lv.
Slatina - 8600 lv.
Svoboda - 7700 lv.
Musagenica,Vitosha, Kr.polyana,Izgrev,Dqrvenica,Ovcha kupel - 10800 lv.
Knyajevo - 6700 lv.
Levski -6200 lv.
Mladost - 9600 lv.
Lyulin - 7300 -9400 lv.
Nadejda - 8600 - 10100 lv.
Drujba - 7600 - 8100 lv.
Obelya - 7000 lv.
Hadji Dimitqr - 7400 lv.
BGL / kv.m.
- Gornobanski p`t, 1000 kv.m. 1 300
- zad Mototehnika, 735 kv.m. 1 000
- Knyajevo, 800 kv.m. 800
- Malo Buchino, 800 kv.m. 350
- Pobit Kam`k, 800 kv.m. 300
- Voynyagovci, 1 400 kv.m. 450
Predlagat se s`shto parceli v`v Florida, USA:- Florida, USA, 20 dka, pravo na stroej, shose, tok 39 BGL / kv.m.
Kakto vijdate, parcelite v Malo Buchino sa dalech po- sk`pi ot tezi v`v Florida (e, Evropa si e Evropa !).
First, there was an office of American Express recently established in Sofia. It is located at Batemberg square, at the former office of Yugoslavian airlines JAT. One can obtaing emergency cash from his/her account in this office. I am not sure what is the commission they take for that service. Almost $ 1000 were available to me.
Second, Balkantourist is a travel representative of AMEX, offering many services in their office on 1, Vitosha Blvd., including traveller's mail, cashing traveller's cheques, getting cash from AMEX credit card account, etc. They charge 1 % commission + 10 BGL per traveller's cheque for cashing the latter. If you want to use your AMEX charge card, it will cost you 4.5 % commission, and you can get cash only in Bulgarian leva, according to Balkantourist rate.
Several other exchange bureaus also can give you Bulgarian leva charging your credit card account (AMEX, Visa, Mastercard), but all I have seen charge 8 % commission.
AMEX traveller's cheques can be cashed in some banks as well. One of them is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which has an office on the 3 floor of EuropaPalace Hotel (former Hotel Rila) in the center of Sofia. First Private Bank also cashes AMEX as well as Mastercard traveller's cheques. You can check with Balkan Air Tours (the office of Balkan Airlines at Sofiyska Communa St.) for cashing AMEX and Eurocheques.
Credit cards are accepted for payments of airline tickets at offices of Balkan Airlines, as well as by many travel agencies. Yoy can also use major cards for purchases at CUM and some other stores (e.g., Boujour chain of Stambouli brothers - Cypruss). You can certainly use a credit card at the duty free shops (e.g., at Sofia airport). In a TV interview they also said that a chain of private gas stations now under construction will also start accepting credit cards.
Effective Sep 01, 1993
Schedule : Eastbound Mon, Fri JFK-SOF LZ602 18:30 - 10:00+1
Westbound Mon, Fri SOF-JFK LZ601 11:00 - 13:45
Shoulder Season Low Season 9/01 - 10/31 11/01 - 12/10 12/10 - 1/04 1/05 - 3/31 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From JFK - Economy class Round-trip travel, Stay up to 1 month 669 640 2 months 734 691 4 months 840 798 6 months 924 882 1 year 1,300 1,300 One way 578 525 From JFK - Business class Round-trip travel 1,300 1,300 One way 700 700 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sofia-JFK, tickets issued in the USA - Economy class Round-trip travel, Stay up to 1 month 618 599 2 months 647 627 Pre-paid tickets Sofia-JFK, tickets issued in Bulgaria but paid in the USA 4 months 786 762 6 months 871 846 1 year 952 952 One way 537 537 Business class Round-trip 952 952 One way 619 619 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Notes
- New York City Airport tax : $ 21 for round-trips, $ 9 for one way EB, $ 15 for one way WB
- Departures - JFK Airport-International Building - East wing terminal (Air Lingus)
- Infants (no seat) pay 20 %, children pay 67 % of adult fare
- Tickets are restricted, cancelation penalties apply. Fare subject to change
- Pre-paid tickets from Sofia : add $ 20 per person
- Baggage allowance : 2 pieces, each max 70 lb. Extra piece : $ 81
P.S. Some numbers look suspicious to me (e.g., prices for a round-trip travel with a stay up to 1 year are the same for Economy class and for Business class; also, two one-ways are cheaper than one 1-year round-trip travel). However, this are the prices which the agency my wife works at received officially. I might ask her to verify some specific figures if there is interest.
Also, soon the limit will be 50,000 leva, and if you need the money for medical care abroad or for education, there is no limit - but I guess this would involve some unpleasant amount of paperwork.
In addition to this, please note that plugs (and outlets) in Bulgaria are different than those in the U.S. So, even if your computer (VCR, or whatever) can operate at 220 V, you will still need a special plug (it's better to purchase it before coming to Bulgaria, since you might not be able to find one there).
The following is based on 9 months of teaching at the Technical and Economics Universities of Varna, and a limited amount of traveling throughout Bulgaria in the 1992-93 academic year. While I can relate my experiences, bear in mind that there is an enormous amount of diversity in Bulgaria - take all advice with big grains of salt.
First piece of advice - go there, and travel around. The Black Sea Coast is beautiful year round, and has excellent swimming from July through September (June or October if you are really lucky). The mountains are beautiful for hiking, hunting, or skiing in the Winter. And the art and architecture of the monasteries is not to be missed.
Most of the large state-owned hotels charge rip-off prices ($100-$200) to foreigners. In Sofia the Sheraton, the New Otani, and to a lesser extent, the Grand Hotel and Park Hotel Moskva provide high standards at high prices. The other big hotels provide the high prices, but don't bother with the service. Private hotels provide a much better correlation between price and service. In Turnovo the Hotel Veliko Turnovo charges stiff prices ($80 dbl) but gives good service in return, as does the Grand Hotel Varna in Sveti Konstantin. The other big hotels in Sveti Konstantin and Golden Sands are badly overpriced. There are alternatives to consider. In Sofia there is a very small hotel between the airport and downtown attached to the Archeological Institute, called the Hotel Kedar (Cedar, as in Cedars of Lebanon). The rooms are small but clean, the prices are cheap, the staff speaks French or German, and its on a main tram line. Another alternative are private accomodation bureaus. BG Tours in Varna booked me into a wonderful room near Sveti Konstantin for $8.00 US a night - it was a short walk downhill (a LONGER walk back uphill) to the beaches, and the balcony looked out on the Black Sea. The owners spoke no foreign language that I recognized but we got along great. If you're really on the cheap universities will rent out any available dorm rooms at around $2 or $3 a night - the trick is connecting with the right person. If you speak Bulgarian or Russian ask a cab driver, etc. the way to the nearest obshezhitie (dormitory) and negotiate with the front desk. If not, try any coffee shop at the university for an English speaker and start asking around.
Car rentals are not cheap ($30-$40 a day for a Lada with a manual) but are plentiful. They will advise you to remove your windshield wipers when parked, leave no valuables or packages in the car, and always set the alarm. TAKE THEIR ADVICE. Long-distance buses are fast, comfortable and inexpensive. In Sofia long-distance buses congregate around the Novotel Europa, in Varna they are either at the Cherno More Hotel or near the Cathedral. Trains are slow but generally not too bad (if you ignore the odor in the restrooms). You can probably get around pretty well without a car.
Balkan flights between Varna and Sofia are frequent, several a day, more or less on time, and cost $65.00 one-way last time I checked. Balkan's Sofia JFK flights are extremely comfortable. Lufthansa, Swiss Air, Air France, CSA (Czech Slovak), Malev (Hungarian), LOT (Polish) all fly to Sofia. Lufthansa and Balkan treated me fairly well in Sofia, the staff at Air France were obnoxious, and CSA put me through hell like you wouldn't believe. Malev offers discounts to students under 26 for flights throughout E. Europe. In general, flights within E. Europe are much cheaper than to W. Europe. Balkan charged about $200 less r/t Sofia Bratislava than Sofia Vienna, for instance.
In general, supplies for tourists are plentiful. If you have a favorite American brand of deodorant or shampoo, bring it. Most of the imports are Turkish, Italian, or German. There are plenty of places selling Kodak and Fuji film, Sony cassettes, etc. Outside of the expensive parts of Sofia fluffy white toilet paper is rare - always keep some with you.
Money changing places are ubiquitous - most charge no commission for cash and deal in cash only. Banks charge commissions - some take traveler's checks - a few do credit card cash advances. The commission for these services can be stiff (5%- 8% for traveler's checks). Shop around a little for rates and commissions - there's not a lot of variability but a few places will try to rip you off. NEVER deal with the "change money?" boys, unless you want a handful of Yugoslav dinars, the most worthless currency on earth.
Maps in German or English can be found in the touristy areas. The guide to E. Europe published in Berkeley has a pretty good section on Bulgaria. Many people in Sofia and on the Black Sea speak a little English or German - a few know French or Italian. If you know Russian you're all set. Try to at least learn the Cyrillic alphabet - it won't take long and it will make reading train and bus schedules a hell of a lot easier.
Crime against persons is rare by the standard of someone living in Washington D.C. (me). I walked around late at night in Varna for 9 months and never felt threatened. The only "crime hotspot" that I know of is near the Hotel Pliska in Sofia. Don't be stupid - don't flash money or jewelry around, etc., and you should be OK. Property crime is more common, and thefts of or from autos seems to be a Bulgarian specialty.
VOA and BBC are on FM in Sofia - VOA is on 89.3 FM in Varna, at least for a few hours a day. A small pocket short-wave radio is a good idea, but FM will get you the news in English in at least a few places. The International Herald Tribune is 1 day behind in Sofia, 2 in Varna. There are weekly business newspapers in English published in Sofia.
The scarcity of goods in Bulgaria is pretty much over (although a scarcity of money remains!). The most appreciated gifts that I found were books in English (literature, travel, culture, and, especially, business), booze with official US or British tax stamps attached (so the recipient knew it wasn't adulterated swill), and cassettes or CD's of "uncommon" music, ie Blues or Bluegrass anthologies, rare Rock cuts, etc. Garth Brooks, Dolly Parton, R.E.M. and Jesus and Mary Chain are available for $1.50 on cassette all over Bulgaria.
In downtown Sofia, Veliko Turnovo, Nessebur, or Golden Sands people are pretty much jaded towards visiting foreigners. Many are quite friendly, a few are rude or hostile, and a lot are indifferent. If you go anywhere smaller, especially the places that Bulgarians think tourists should see, like the ruins at Pliska, the Madara horseman, or hiking the Rodope mountains, or if you ride the 2nd class train compartment to Varna you'll find a lot of people who are still fascinated that an American is kicking around in their country. They'll do all they can to help. Its worth the trip.
By the way, to continue with a couple of threads that I read today:
In June in Varna matchbooks were being used by shops in place of 50 stotinki pieces - a tram ride in Sofia was 2 lv, and jeans were around 500 Lev.
Bulgarian folk music is alive and well. The Restaurant Liverpool on Ul. Dubrovnik in Varna has a live band on Fri. and Sat., the private radio station I worked for in Varna (Kannal Komm) played Bulgarian folk on week-ends and holidays, and in May and June every restaurant in Varna was booked on Saturday and Sunday afternoons for weddings, and every wedding had a band playing folk music. Country-western and Speed Metal haven't completely displaced Bulgarian folk.
There are 4 main international roads, used by tourists and cargo-trucks: Kalotina-Sofia-Plovdiv-Svilengrad, Vidin-Sofia-Kulata, Russe-Pleven-Sofia-Kulata and Russe-Sliven-(to Turkey and to Greece).
[...]
During the winter, there's top skiing (Borovets has been the site of World Cup competitions) plus a Christmas and New Year's Festival in the country's 5,000-year-old capital, Sofia. Come spring, Black Sea resorts are magnets for vacationing Europeans.
Year-round, Bulgaria is on of the best bargains in Europe. In fact, a seven-day air/land package (New York-Sofia) starts as low as $825 per person. Ski Bulgaria packages - offered by Balkan Holidays - start as low as $1,000 per person, including roundtrip airfare to Sofia, six nights' first-class accomodations, breakfast and dinner daily, equipment rental and lift passes, and ski-school tuition.
Best shopping buys include antiques, leather goods, perfume, ceramics and woordcrafts.
Bulgarian Tourist Information Center: 41 East 42nd St., Suite 508, New York, NY 10017, (212) 573-5530
Source: NYT supplement "Your invitation to Europe", October 10, 1993
directory: pub/cyrillic
file description: rec.travel archives
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Spring/Summer 1993
A JOURNEY THROUGH ROMANIA AND BULGARIA
by Melissa Harris
While teaching for a semester at the Technical University of Vienna, Melissa Harris, an assistant professor of architecture, and three graduate students from the College took a two-week trip to Romania and Bulgaria.
(...)
So why go? Adventure. Yes. I was also interested in seeing the vernacular architecture of these countries. But most intriguing was a strong urge to be inside cultures which have been historically oppressed and yet remained beautifully productive. Being immersed in extremes often generates interesting revelations. Extreme contrast, engaging the edges and touching, even briefly, opposite ends of various spectra are the essential characteristics of this trip.
First a quick introduction to my three companions on this adventure - all graduate students at Michigan studying architecture for a semester at the Technical University in Vienna. Ted, the forward man, confident and charismatic. Susan, a blossoming talent, thoughtful and analytical. And Dave, whose wisdom seemed to comfort us, like a blanket of security, at all the right times. It wasn't long before each of us realized that a larger group could take risks far too dangerous for someone traveling alone.
(Part related to travel through Romania is posted on s.c.r.)
Bulgaria welcomed us back to lands of negotiable travel. Everything was impressive about our introduction to Sofia. We got right to our destination by tram and within a half hour had secured two double rooms for the night, rented a car for the next morning and changed money. On the way to our great rooms in a family's apartment we picked up wonderful fruit. How very thankful we were for a shower and a bed. After showers and some fresh fruit, we set out to explore downtown Sofia.
The city seemed to be prospering, with streets full of cafes, vendors and color. Though l am sure it is prevalent, hardship was not nearly so obvious as it was in Romania. What was prevalent were former monuments to fallen Communist leaders. Many of these buildings are being put to other uses or house new governments, but some remain empty. A specific monument, the former mausoleum which housed the embalmed body of Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgaria's first Communist leader) has now become an outdoor toilet. When protests mounted in 1990, his body was removed and cremated. The mausoleum sits on an elevated base with a surrounding arcade. Between the columns and the building, feces has accumulated. There isn't much trash, only human waste. Questions about the relationship between form and a building's successive uses resurfaced. Walking around the building, the new use seemed quite logical. The columns are wide enough to provide privacy and the width between them and the building just wide enough for passage while someone might be relieving themselves. It is slated to become a museum.
After we had walked around in the rain seeing former monuments, the Alexander Nevsky church, more Roman ruins, and basically getting a sense of the downtown, we decided to eat in a fancy restaurant in the Grand Hotel Bulgaria built in the `30s. The circular dining space had a dated but somehow trendy feel with balcony seating around a two story space which opened to a great skylight. As the meal progressed and we became buddies with our waiter, he treated us to the main feature of the space. The huge circular skylight actually opened mechanically to the sky. Though it was still rainingabit, he opened it partially so we could get the idea. Must be glorious in the summer.
The next morning we picked up our car and were reassured that it would be no problem that our only road map for Bulgaria was in the Latin alphabet not Cyrillic,which Bulgaria uses. Other maps and street signs we had seen were only in Cyrillic, an alphabet which at first glance to an uninformed Westerner looks like the swearing from a cartoon character's mouth. No, no problem, signs will have both.
Rila Monastery was our first destination. We beat all the tourist buses by an hour and therefore had it to ourselves initially. Situated on a mountain cliff, the views were spectacular. Essentially a wall of rooms rings the church in the middle, forming a protected exterior court. The most impressive space was the kitchen. It was as though you walked into an oven, sized to cook whole humans. The ceiling scalloped as it rose nearly 45 feet into a chimney. The pans sat on large fire places and were more than eight feet in diameter.
Before departure I got a bus driver to write out all the cities we would be passing through in Cyrillic. The car rental agency was quite wrong. We saw few Latin letters once we left Sofia. Despite the fact that we now had critical translations, we had to stop at the base of every major road sign so we could hold up our printed destination and compare it with the sign.
>From Rila we headed to Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest but perhaps most beautiful city. Cobblestone streets twisted to accommodate the grade. An interesting attitude toward architectural history pervades the city. There are literally layers of time incorporated in the buildings. When a ruin is uncovered, they weave it into the current life of the city - assigning new functions like a cafe or a stair.
Next stop was the Black Sea. We had no reservations, so it became a race to get to Nessebar before the Balkan tourist office closed. Ted was driving. We almost flew through the stunning countryside, traveling first through mountains and then rolling farm lands, ultimately ending in flat fields close to the sea. As in Plovdiv the night before, we convinced the hotel woman in Nessebar that we could fit four people in a double room despite the rules. She finally agreed as long as we were out before eight in the morning when her shift changed. She wanted no part of the story if we were caught.
The actual sea coast was forgettable, but both Nessebar and Sozopol had hundreds of beautiful wooden seaside houses which sat on stone bases. The overhangs were large enough to protect the rooms from sun and wind, The wood frame was filled with tiny wood slats and overlaid once more with thin battens every two feet or so. These elegant structures represented at one time very progressive ideas about living, containing unprecedented spaces for women who had just given birth. We ate wonderful fresh fish that night. Our waiter took great care of us, even running out to a cafe to get us chocolate cake for dessert.
Bulgaria rekindled my interest in vernacular architecture. In fact, it reminded me of what I love about the mountains of North Carolina. The buildings have a direct, clear relationship with the land and with the function they house. As we drove through the Valley of the Roses (near Veiliko Tarnovo), we stopped in many small towns - Arbanassi, Zeravna, Gabrovo. Each seemed to have a subtle and specific architectural response to its location.
Our last night in Bulgaria was the best. It provided us a beautiful place to rest, to reflect, and to cook ourselves a meal. Now that the trip was almost over, we had learned to call ahead for accommodations. When the woman in Nessebar heard that we were traveling by car, she said, "I have a place for you." A small town she likened to a museum because of its houses, Bozenci was just a few miles outside Veiliko Tarnovo, our destination for the final day. Bring your own food, she advised, because there is nothing there. A man named Stephan will be waiting for you in the square. We tried to tell her we were not sure when we would arrive, but she insisted. He would be waiting.
We stopped at a big roadside market near Gabrovo and bought eight pork chops, three loaves of bread, olives, and fruit. That was the entire choice. We had no idea if we could cook them at our place or not.
Spring had exploded on the hills of Bozenci and the smell of white blossoms filled the air. We followed the map the Nessebar woman had scratched out for us. It didn't show much: a road, a center square with a well, a nother road and the house. We got out and walked up the hill which seemed to be the road of Stephan's house. Wonderful view from the top, but no Stephan and no house which looked like the photos she had shown us. We split up, with assigned territories to cover. My job was to understand the woman worKing in the post office, who had begun helping us. I was trying to decide if she was connected to Stephan. I began to draw as I spoke, illustrating each part of my narrative: calling from Nessebar, securing a house from Stephan, what the agreed price was, its location, etc. When she finally shook her head and led me out of the lobby, I heard Sue yelling from the top of a hill, "I found Stephan." And so she had, and with him our little two-bedroom house with a porch overlooking the mountain side.
We moved in quicily, reveling in the luxury of our own place, the view, the cleanliness, and its intimacy. Dinner was started immediately. Cooking for ourselves was an indescribable pleasure. Dave's ingenuity with rice rewarded us with a terrific dinner overlooking the mountains, now dotted with perfumed flowers. We toasted our collective spirit of adventure and the amazing luck with which we had been blessed.
You don't hear or read much about Bulgaria. But city after city, street after street, we uncovered stunning views and wonderful architecture preserved through layers of time and movements. We rarely saw other tourists. Bulgaria is a country where one can still afford to eat five course meals, have coffee in an outdoor cafe overlooking a Roman amphitheater and the entire city below, tour castles and museums, and dance all night for 50 cents. I will see Bulgaria again in my lifetime,
Back in Vienna I saw this city in a new way, imagining it as home. Thinking back over our experiences in both countries, Bulgaria pales against Romania - not because of what either had to offer, but because, for me, people transcend place, architecture, and accommodation. Our personal experiences with people were all Romanian. It just turned out that way this time. Perhaps this addresses the question of how issues of the human spirit relate to architecture. The power of people to impart significant meaning, memory and experience far surpasses the ability of architecture to do the same. One is merely a stage for the other. But both possess a spirit which affects everyday life. The Arad waiting room will haunt my visions and inform my conceptions of public spaces for years.
I relearned a valuable lesson for someone committed to visual education. Drawing not only connects people to their own thoughts and sights, but also to other people. Those people then frame the experience and experience structures the story. After all, as John Barth said, "The story of your life is not your life. It is your story."
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Ako doidite v Buffalo, New York, ilati da igraite narodni hora i rachenitsi. Nie se sabranie vseki Petek ot 8 vecherta na Universitet na Buffalo. Nie znaem starite Bqlgari i mnogoto novite Bqlgari okolo Buffalo. Tuka e oshte informatsia:
We are the International Folk Dance Club
At the University at Buffalo
Main Street (South) Campus
Diefendorf Hall - Ground Floor, usually Room 2
Fridays 8:00 to 11:00 p.m.
8 - 9 = Teaching 9 - 11 = Request Dancing
Free Admission
Last Meeting of 1993: 12/17/93
Next Meeting: 1/7/94
Contact: Barbara Dintcheff (H) 716-675-0203
(W) 716-887-2520
dintchef@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu
NOVO IZDANIE ZA BQLGARITE V CHUZHBINA
Moja poznata, raboteshta v Agencijata za bqlgarite v chuzhbina, mi izprati pqrvija za 1994 g. broj na spisanie "Ek" - izdanie za bqlgarite v chuzhbi- na. Po nejna molba postvam sqdqrzhanieto na tozi broj, kakto i koordinatite na Agencijata - v sluchaj, che njakoi pozhelae da se abonira. Spisanieto e bogato iljustrirano i pokriva raznoobrazni vqprosi - kultura, politika, is- torija. Pqrvijat broj mozhete da poluchite bezplatno, ako pishete do Agenci- jata.
Eto tekstqt na obrqshtenieto na redakcijata kqm bqlgarite v chuzhbina:
Skqpi sqnarodnici,
Spisanie "Ek" e nasheto novo izdanie, prednaznacheno za bqlgarite v chuzhbina i za vsichki prijateli na Bqlgarija, poznavachi na nejnata is- torija i kulturni tradicii.
Vremeto, koeto otmina, ne mozha da zacherkne cennostite v nasheto minalo; tjah "Ek" shte izdirva i podnasja na svoite chitateli bez premql- chavane i bez retush. Nared s budnija pogled kqm staroto, kqm vsichki onezi sqbitija i imena, napravili vqzmozhna sqprotivata na duhovnostta sreshtu bezduhovnoto v godinite na totalitarnata dqrzhava, spisanieto shte osvedo- mjava za aktualnite javlenija v obshtestvenija zhivot na Bqlgarija, v sfera- ta na naukata, kulturata, socialnite otnoshenija, politikata, ikonomikata, biznesa, religijata i t.n. Sqshtevremenno namerenieto na spisvashtite e da predostavi tribuna na zaselnicite v chuzhbina i na vidni bqlgaristi za cho- veshki i profesionalni kontakti, za tvorcheska izjava. Shte se radvame, ako projavite interes kqm spisanieto. Tozi digest shte izliza v shest knizhki godishno, bogato iljustriran. Zhelaeshtite da go poluchavat redovno mogat da se abonirat za 1994. Cenata na abonamenta v US$ e: Severna i Juzhna Ame- rika - $52, Afrika i Azija - $48, Evropa - $45, Avstralija - $58, kato ce- nata vkljuchva i poshtenskite razhodi. Nomerqt na nashata bankova smetka e 621 422 060 300-1, BVTB (Bqlgarska vqnshnotqrgovska banka).
Adresqt na izdatelite:
Agency for Bulgarians Abroad
bul. Dondukov 2, Sofia 1000
BULGARIA
tel. (359 2) 800 955, 819 011
fax (359 2) 819 177
Dokolkoto uspjah da razbera, Agencijata polzva i E-mail, no ne razpolagam s adresa; znam samo, che sa vqrzani za @sprint.com; ako njakoj mozhe da im izdiri tochnija adres, njama da e zle.
Eto i sqdqrzhanieto na pqrvija broj:
Boris Hristov: spodeleni otkrovenija. (statija ot Georgi Danailov i intervju s golemija bqlgarski operen pevec malko predi smqrtta mu).
Milcho Leviev: dvuposochen bilet do Los Angeles. Avtor: Vladimir Gadzhev. Statija za naj-izvestnija ni jazz-pianist.
Konstantin Shtqrkelov - carjat na akvarela. Avtor: Maksimilijan Kirov.
Boris Dimovski: Svobodata se meri po dqlzhinata na usmivkata. Izvestnijat nash karikaturist B. Dimovski pishe za sebe si i za smeshnite aspekti na vremeto, v koeto zhiveem.
Ilinden v nacionalnata istorija na bqlgarite. Avtor: Hristo Siljanov
Solunskite sqzakljatnici. Avtor: Georgi Danailov
Misli na edin stoletnik - Hristo Obbov.
Bojan Penev - nezabravenijat. (Za literaturnija kritik ot 20-te B. Penev.)
Djavolska karuca (razkaz) - Ljubomir Kanov (USA)
Apolonija '93. Avtor: Hristo Bucev. Pregled na festivala na iskust- vata "Apolonija".
Intelektualecqt i politikata - interview s Vera Mutafchieva.
Rilskijat manastir prijuti cqrceto na Car Boris III. - snimki i tekst ot okonchatelnoto pogrebenie na sqrceto na poslednija bqlgarski monarh v Svetata Rilska obitel prez 1993.
Po sledite na stara Sofija. Avtor: Georgi Kanazirski. Spomeni ot zhivota na sofijanci prez 30-te i 40-te.
Ako zazhalish njakoj den... (Stari gradski pesni).
Za slona, boata, i oshte neshto. (Statija za njakoi bqlgarski obichai). Avtor: Cenka Jordanova.
Tanc s letva (za Stefka Kostadinova, svetovna shampionka na visok skok)
Kulturni vesti.
Pravna konsultacija (Nedvizhima sobstvenost v Bqlgarija pri sto- panska dejnost na bqlgari ot chuzhbina)
Politicheski pregled.
List za zapoznavane s chitatelite. (neshto kato anketa - dosta inte- resna).
Sqshtestvuva oshte edno specializirano izdanie za bqlgarite v chuzhbina - naricha se "Pismo ot Bqlgarija", izdava se ot fondacija "Otvoreno obshte- stvo" (Open Society Fund - Sofia) i mozhete da go poluchite chrez e-mailski request. Pishete do:
ososo@bgcict.bitnet
Subject: "Pismo ot Bqlgarija"
Toku shto kachih na magdanoz novi dve parcheta bqlgarski rok.
Tova sa parchetata 'Sladoledeno momiche' ot ednoimenniya album na grupa 'Okazion' i 'Emigrant' ot albuma 'MEDICUS vol 1.' na grupa "Medikus".
'Okazion' sa:
Boreto Daskalov /bodaska/ - vokali, klavishni
Georgi Anastasov /juji/ - bas
Galin Popov - kitara
priyateli - Niki Arabadjiev - kitari, Boyo - efekti i ritqm, moya milost - klavishni i dr.
'Medikus' sa:
Niki Tankov - vokal, piano, klavishni, mouth thrumpet
Koceto Georgiev - bandjo, ak. kitara, fleyta, kaval, vokali
Venci Veznikov - el.kitara, bas, vokali
Emo Mishev - barabani
Iliycho Hristov - perkusiya i govorene na gluposti
priyateli - Toni,Veso/Ekoto/,Doni i mnogo drugi.
The following suggestions are in response to the inquiry from Austin Kelly regarding scholarships/fellowships for students from Eastern Europe. For those of you affiliated with a univers- ity, the Office of International Programs is usually the best source of information. In addition to scholarships and fellowships, tuition waivers are often available for foreign students. Three inter- esting programs are the Alexander Hamilton Fellow- ship Program, the John Marshall Fellowship Program, and the Edmund Muskie Fellowship Program. The Hamilton and Marshall programs are exchange programs for graduate students, young faculty and profession- als from selected Eastern European Countries and the Baltics to come to the U.S. for research and train- ing. The program is administered by the Council for International Exchanges of Scholars in Washington. Ms. Katie Tremper is the contact at [202] 686-4016. The Muskie program provides graduate scholarships for study in the U.S. in business administration, economics, law and public administration. Targeted countries include the Baltics, Transcaucasia, the Central Asian Republics, Belarus, Moldova, and Russia. The program is administered by the American Council of Teachers of Russian [ACTR] and the con- tact is Pam Snyder at [202] 833-7522. An excellent continuing source of information is Funding Alert, published by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business every month. Most accredited business schools probably subscribe to the publica- tion [$425 per year].
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Voice of America news are available by gopher.
News in files with .voa extension are taken from Gopher subdirectories available by gopher://ftp.voa.gov/11/newswire.
Chapter IV - 'Vae Victis'
"The Bulgarians, though believed to be of Turanian origin, have been so completely Slavised that they may now be regarded as a branch of the Southern Slavs, with whom they must eventually throw in their lot. So efficient have they shown themselves to be, during the last fifty years, in almost every field except those of propaganda and diplomacy, that many people besides themselves have thought them entitled to become the leading power in the Balkans. This was always an idle dream. Even if they had obtained possession of Macedonia it could never have become a permanent reality, for they are less numerous than the Serbs, the Romanians, or the Greek. But a Southern Slav Federation, including an autonomous Bulgaria and an autonomous Macedonia with ports on the Aegean, would be an effective barrier against any Central European Imperialism on the north and against Hellenic Imperialism on the south, thus insuring Slav predominance in the Balkans.
It is unwise to express any other opinion, favourable or otherwise, of the Bulgarians, for any one who does so is suspected of being a dupe either of the Bulgarians themselves or of their enemies. To some people the Bulgar is so objectionable and inhuman that they become almost frenzied in their attempts to describe him; to others he appears to combine the virtues of Don Quixote, St. Anthony, and the Admirable Crichton. Impartial writers, however, usually describe him as industrious, practical, tenacious, patient, courageous, honest and truthful; but silent, unexpansive, grasping, and obstinate. He compels admiration rather than affection, but Englishmen generally find him, in spite of his impenetrable reserve, less irritating than some of his neighbours. He does not, however, possess the attractive manners of the Serb or the Albanian. To the French temperament he is antipathetic, and it was unfortunate for Bulgaria that the country has been mainly in French occupation instead of British or Italian. Middle class Bulgars, most of whom are sons of peasants, are often painfully self-conscious and too much aware of their lack of polish, and their unfortunate desire to keep up appearances sometimes creates an impression of snobbishness."
{"Bulgarite v tehnite istoricheski, etnografski i politicheski granitzi 679 - 1917"}
Actually, the format is a bit "strange" (31x29) as this is a collection of 40 maps, each one commented in 4 languages: German, English, French and Bulgarian. THere are 14 pages preface in those 4 languages by D Rizov - Minister of Bulgaria in Berlin at that time (1917). The edition is excellent - the paper, the comments in 4 languages (BTW, the Bulgarian is in the old style) and I fear that there will be need of another reprint as the 5000 books, won't be around for a long time. The price is 37.70 leva but this is something definately worthed to have hold of, in case one has any interest on the history and problems of the Balkans in the past.
The name John Atanasoff is not very well known but this is the man who has created the modern digital computer. 50 years have passed since John Atanasoff has created the first digital computer.
President Bush has awarded the 1990 National prize for Technical achievement, - the highest American Technical award (I've used non-English text to translate the name of the prize so the correct name of the award may be a different one) to Prof. John Atanasoff.
For long time it has been considered that the first electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and one can find that name in almost any Computer Science books as the first example of the first generation digital computer systems.
ENIAC was built at the University of Pennsylvania under the direction of John Mauchly and J. P. Eckert. Work on ENIAC began in 1943 and it was completed in 1946. However, in the early seventies it was proven that the ideas behind ENIAC were taken from the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) computer.
John Atanasoff was born in Hamilton, New York in 1903. He was educated at the University of Florida, Iowa State College, and the University of Wisconsin (PhD, physics, 1930). With the help of Clifford Berry, Atanasoff built a working model of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942. The ABC computer was a special-purpose machine for solving simultaneous linear equations. It was a serial, binary, electro-mechanical machine, and employed various new techniques that Atanasoff invented, including novel uses of logical circuitry and regenerative memory.
Only recently has Atanasoff achieved recognition as one of the "fathers" of the digital computer.
During his last visit in Bulgaria to the birth-place of his father - an emigrant orphan from the April Uprising against the Turks, John Atanasoff said: "Like a Bulgarian I am also a restless and creative person and the Slav root in my blood has helped me a great deal in life".
John Atanasoff - junior, president of "Cybernetics Products, Inc" has also visited Bulgaria recently. He considers as good the chances of cooperation between his company and the newly emerging Bulgarian private businesses.
It's not bad to remember that the inventor of the first modern digital computer is of Bulgarian origin.
The entire story should be started back in the years 1932-35 when it turned out that it is only Germany who is buying the agricultural production of Bulgaria and in return was providing some high quality industrial goods on low prices, from Bulgaria. In several years time (Boris tried to convince Britain and France to allow more BG trade with them, to get more of their products on the BG market on competitive prices, but neither country gave a damn on that matter), Bulgaria was conducting something like 65% (o even more) of its export and import with Germany. The country became almost totaly dependent on Germany. The overall situation was not bad for Bulgaria, as gave a good market for BGs production and in return, the German tools/machines were very well regarded for their quality and reliability in Bulgaria.
When WWII started, Bulgaria declared to stay neutral. Relations with all major powers were good. It happened that there was a chance to recover the purely Bulgarian land of Southern Dobruja, which was lost to Romania after the Second Balkan war and then again - after WWI. Russia, England, Germany were pressing Rumania but at the end it was under German pressure that Romania returned the land. So - apart from the huge economic dependance, a feeling of help and concern was received from the German action. Still Boris was determined to keep BG out of the war. There are numerous documents showing that Boris didn't like and even despised Hitler and he was also rather scared what will next decide to do the decorator from Austria. After some time, with the opening of the war in Greece, Hitler got determined to get his troops there (I think Gregory explained this well and why was so). . The German troops have moved in Romania (if I'm not wrong about the time) and at some time Bulgaria given 2 choices - to get on the side of the Germans, or to be crossed as enemy by the Vermaht. There was absolute no support from England or France (as far as I remember, Boris tried to get some help from there) and the internal situation (no anti-German feelings, huge economic dependency) was not helping at all. It was clear, that if Boris has refused to join the Germans, a pro-German pupet regime would have been installed in days, after the German army enters Bulgaria (BG had no army after WWI !!! but even if they had, I doubt what could BG army on its own, without British or French, or US help stand against the Germans) and full colaboration of that pupet regime would have started.
Boris chose the other option. He put a lot of conditions to the joining of the Axis - like no BG soldiers for Germany, no interference of Germany in BG gov, etc, etc, then he appointed a Germanophille (or maybe it was earlier he appointed him) Prime Minister - Filov and he binded towards the pressure from Hitler. The memoirs of his Chief of Staff show how much upset he was for that decision. Still he was in some control of the situation, and for the next years, he managed to influence few major events, despite the oposite pressure from Germany and his own government - namely to help saving the Bulgarian Jews being sent to camps in Poland, to give soldiers to the German army, and to declare war on the USSR. Bulgaria was a unique country, where German and Russian missions (diplomatic) were together during the war.
Of course, the King was not able to avoid many of the stupid things his pro-German PM did, but he couldn't do anything else, in order to play the game of cat and mouse with Hitler. And the game was to avoid doing anything Hitler wanted, and still to pretend being a true ally to him. Boris was extremely angry that Filov's gov declared war to Britain and the US but he was unable to avoid this.
In 1943, after a stormy meeting with Hitler, when Boris refused again to give troops and to deport the Jews (under various explanations), Boris died from mysterious death. There are speculations whetgher he was poisoned and by whom, but from what Iv'e read, it seems that he just couldn't stand that pressure any more and had a heart attack.
It is also documented, that earlier in 1943, Boris was preparing a pro-British/American government but if/how/when he would have broken with Hitler and joined the other camp is a mere speculation and mystery, which will be never solved as the death of the King ruined all plans he had or might have had.
"The other Balkan Wars: 1914 Carnegie Endowment Report..."
contact
The Brookings Institution
Dept. 029
Washington, D.C. 20042-0029
or call:
(toll-free) 1-800-275-1447 (for a credit card service)
from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-10-7.TXT
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file name: FAQ-10-8.TXT
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file name: FAQ-10-9.TXT
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
From: htsa1@CFS02.cc.monash.edu.au (HARRY TSAMAIDIS)
SLAVS
are any of several groups of peoples, most of whom live in Eastern Europe. There are about 275million Slavs. They speak similar languages, called the Slavic or Slavonic Languages.
The first Slavs lived over 5,000 years ago in a region that now forms part of the northwestern Ukraine and southeastern Poland. From A.D. 200 to 500, they migrated to other parts of Europe. Some Slavs settled in what are now the western Soviet Union and eastern and central Europe. Other Slavs migrated to the region of southeastern Europe known as the Balkans.
During the 800's, the Slavs established the Great Moravian Empire, which united the peoples of central Europe for the first time. In 906, the empire was conquered by the Magyars, the ancestors of the Hungarians. Since then, the Slavs have been ruled by many foreign powers, including the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Germany.
In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independant states as Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Former Yugoslavia. Germany conquered these Slavic states during World War II (1939-1945).
Today, the Soviet Union dominates most of the Slavic peoples. In eastern Europe, only the Slavs of Former Yugoslavia; and Greece are free of Soviet rule.
Historians classify the Slavs into three main groups- (1) eastern, (2) western, and (3) southern - based on the regions in which these people live.
Eastern Slavs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
consist of the Byelorussions, or White Russians; the Russians, or Great Russians; and the Ukrainians, or Little Russians. The eastern Slavs were strongly influenced by the culture of the Byzantine Empire. About A.D. 988, the ruler of the Russian Slavs, Grand Prince Vladimir I, married a Byzantine princess and became a Christian. As a result, most of the people under his rule also turned to Christianity. Today, many eastern Slavs belong to Eastern Orthodox Churches.
Western Slavs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
form a group that includes the Czechs; the Slovaks; the Poles; and the Wends, who also are known as Sorbs or Lusatians. The Wends live in East Germany. During the 800's, two Greek monks, named Cyril and Methodius, converted many western Slavs to Christianity. At that time, church services were held in Greek or Latin, which few people could understand. But Cyril and Methodius held services in the language of the Slavs, called Old Church Slavonic.
As the western Slavs became involved in the affairs of western Europe, they also became influenced by the Roman Catholic Church. Through the Centuries, the Catholic Church has strongly influenced western European Culture. Today, most western Slavs are Roman Catholics.
Southern Slavs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
are a group composed of the Bulgarians, the Croats, the Macedonians, the Serbs, and the Slovenes. During the 800's, a large number of southern Slavs were converted to Christianity by followers of Cyril and Methodius. However, these Slaves were also strongly influenced by the Byzantine culture. Today, the majority of southern Slavs belong to Eastern Orthodox Churches. Most members of the group live in the Balkans.
SERBIA
is the largest of the six republics of Yugoslavia. Serbia covers about 34,116 square miles (88,361 square kilometres) in eastern Yugoslavia. It includes the independant provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. Serbia has a population of about 9,306,000. Belgrade, its largest city, is the capital of Yugoslavia.
Land.
^^^^^
A number of Rivers flow through Serbia. They include the Danube, Yugoslavia's major waterway, which flows southeast to the Black Sea. The Morava River flows north through the hills of southern and central Serbia and then empties into the Danube. Mountains rise on Serbia's eastern and western borders. Serbia has deposits of coal, copper, lead, and zinc.
People
^^^^^^
More than 70 per cent of Serbia's people are Serbs. Other groups include Albanians, Croats, Hungarians, and Slovenes. Most of the people belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church or are Muslims. Serbo-Croatian is the principal Language. But the Serbs use the Cyrillic alphabet, and the Croats use the Roman alphabet. Serbs frequently eat grilled meat, thick soups, goat cheese, and spicy salads. They also like thick, sweet Turkish coffee and plum brandy.
Economy
^^^^^^^
Serbia's best farmland lies in the northern province of Vojvodina and in Sumadija, an area south of Belgrade. Farmers grow cereal grains, fruits, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, and tobacco. They raise cattle, hogs, and sheep. Industrialization has developed rapidly in Serbia since the mid-1940's. Products made in Serbia include chemicals, electrical products, and textiles.
History
^^^^^^^
During the A.D. 600's, various groups of Slavs, including the ancestors of the Serbs, settled in the center of the Balkan Peninsula. Each tribe had its own leader until the late 1100's, when Stephen Nemanja, a warrior and chief, formed the first united Serbian state. During the 1300's, King Stephen Dusan led the country in successful wars against the Byzantine Empire. The Serbian kingdom began to break up after his death in 1355. The Ottoman Turks conquered Serbia in the battle of Kosovo in 1389.
The Ottoman Empire ruled Serbia for nearly 500 years, but the Serbs never lost their national pride. George Petrovic, a Serbian peasant who was nicknamed Black George, led an uprising against the Turks in 1804. Another Serbian peasant leader Milos Obrenovic, led a second revolt in 1815. The Serbs won some liberties in these struggles. Serbia regained independance in 1878, following the Ottoman Empire's defeat by Russia. In the Balkan Wars (1912-13), Serbia and other Balkan countries gained control of almost all of the empire's possessions in Europe.
During the early 1900's, various economic and political conflicts developed between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, was assassinated by Gavilro Princip, a Serbian patriot from the province of Bosnia in Austria-Hungary. World War I began a month later when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. After the war ended in 1918, Serbia helped form the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. This kingdom became Yugoslavia in 1929. Following the end of World War II in 1945, Serbia became one of the republics of the Federal State of Yugoslavia.
During the 1960's and 1970's, regional pride led to quarrels between Serbia and other Yugoslav republics.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
WHO ARE THE POMAKS?
'Pomaks' is the name of pretty large group of people who live mainly in Rhodopi mountains (southern Bulgaria, close to the border with Greece). They have muslim names and speak very ancient bulgarian language (bulgarian belongs to the group of slavic languages). Their ancestors were slavic christian people who accepted muslim religion. This fact took place in 16th and 17th centuries. There were several ways to become muslim that time, when Bulgaria like all Balkan peninsula, was part of the Ottoman empire. But most common paths to islamiztion were:
1. Through marriages. This way was valid for a number of bulgarian women.
2. Voluntary islamization. Main reason for that was escaping a lot of taxes.
3. Forced islamization. The largest amount of 'pomaks' became muslims that way. There are well known several ottoman actions for islamiztion of bulgarians living in Rhodopi mountain during 17th century. Here is coming the question: why ottomans forced the people living in that region only to accept the muslim faith? One of the explanations is: Rhodopi mountains were a huge hunting field for the sultan, his family and large number of his people. They needed to be served during their stay there (some times for months). According to their believes they have to be served only by muslims. That's why ottomans forced the large amount of bulgarian population in Rhodops to accept the islam.
How we know about that fact? Ottoman empire had excellent organized tax system. All taxpayers were registered in books, their land or other property described in order to determine the taxes. Naming the taxpayers ottomans used identification on first name of the person and the name of his father. For example: Khasan, son of Ivan. Khasan is muslim name, but Ivan is slavonic, christian name. This is the way we know that 'pomaks' used to be slavic christian people before they became muslims. A lot of books from all 500 years of ottoman rule over Bulgaria containing data about taxes and taxpayers are saved in archives in Sofia, Burgas, Istanbul.
'Pomaks' were pretty isolated from the rest of the bulgarian society for centuries. They saved that old bulgarian language and some old customs which took place before 17th century. About 20 years ago, in the beginning of 1970s, the ethnography professor Ivan Koev from Sofia University lead a student expedition to pomak region called 'Chech'. They did research on language, crafts and customs in that area. I visited the village of Sarnitza entirely populated by pomaks in 1983. My impressions of that visit are still fresh. All the houses were new two stories brick buildings. Many families had cars. A lot of children were playing in the yards dressed with snow white shirts. It was such a peaceful picture and all the past seemed to be forgotten.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Predi izvestno vreme podochuh neshto , che nyakakqv amerikanski diplomat e spomenal za sqshtestvuvaneto na "Makedonsko malcinstvo v Bqlgaria". Ta popitah brat mi kakvo se s chulo po toya vqpros v Bqlgaria. Mislya , che otgovora mu shte vi zainteresuva, ta vi prashtam chastta ot nego , deto se otnasya do toya vqpros.
From: MX%"system@rik01.omex.bg" 20-MAY-1994 17:49:44.86
To: PLAMEN
Onia deto e govoril, che u nas ima makedonsko malcinstvo se okaza UILIAM MONTGOMQRI i v momenta e poslanik na USA v Bqlgariia. Vqprosnata tqpa izcepka toia e napravil pred senatska komisiia na shtatite, kogato sa go proslushvali kato kandidat za poslanik u nas. (Tam vsichki takiva minavat na proslushvane prez tazi senatska komisiia). Informaciiata pqrvonachalno ia razbrahme ot "24 chasa", no te citiraha agenciia ROITER. Amerikancite ripnaha, che ROITER ne bili razbrali pravilno, no sled okolo mesec motaene nai-setne dadoha na vqnshnoto ni ministerstvo stenograma ot razgovora v komisiiata i toi beshe publikuvan v presata. Okaza se,che toia ianki e adski zagrijen za pravata na malcinstvata u nas. Mnogo go pritesniaval i fakta, che DPS mojelo i da ne uchastva v bqdeshtite izbori (togava imashe takova nastroenie Konstitucionniiat sqd da se proiznese dali uchastieto na DPS ne protivorechi na konstituciiata, kqdeto se kazva, che v Bqlgariia sa zabraneni partiite na etnicheska osnova).
V taia svoia proslovuta rech Montgomqri razviva ideiata si, che v Pirinska Makedoniia ima makedonsko malcinstvo, chiito prava sa potqpkani i roni krokodilski sqlzi, che tiahnata organizaciia OMO-"Ilinden" bila zabranena.
Dori toia amerikanski diplomat v sqshtata rech si pozvoliava da zaiavi pred senatorite im,che v Bqlgariia shtial da raboti za PROMIANA NA KONSTITUCIIATA!!! (predstaviash li si), za da bqdeli garantirani pravata na malcinstvata.
V sqshtoto vreme iankito i duma ne obelva, che liubimata mu OMO-"Ilinden" otkrito e zaiavila, che shte se bori za otkqsvane i prisqediniavane kqm Makedoniia na nashiia ( Pirinskiia ) krai ot Bqlgariia. Te iskat da iztegliat voiskite ni ottuk, shtoto bili okupatorski??!, ot imenata na vsichki partii tuk da se mahne dumata Bqlgarska, v uchilishtata da se uchi makedonski ezik??! i kup drugi gluposti. A pqk kato razbraha za izcepkata na Montgomqri tia ot OMO-to sqvsem poshturiaha ot kef i daje doide toia kato poslanik biaha trqgnali na oficialna vizita pri nego? (predstaviash li si). Razgele, onia ne gi prie.
Nai-strashnoto obache e, che vsichki tiia divotii deto gi raztiaga Montgomqri ne sa shtoto ne znae, toi mnogo dobre znae kakvo e polojenieto na Balkanite i imenno zatova gi drobi tiia prikazki. Toi e bil neshto kato sekretar v nasheto posolstvo v nachaloto na 80-te, kogato poslanik beshe Sol Polanski. Iavno USA sa reshili da deistvat po sistemata: digai pushilka okolo Makedoniia, za da mojesh po principa "razdeliai i vladei" da dqrjish Balkanite. Ne sluchaino USA prati i 500 sini kaski v Makedoniia i po vsiaka veroiatnost segashniiat im lager shte se prevqrne v postoianna voenna baza na iankite. Samite Makedonci sqshto se natoporchiha i predi niakolko sedmici prezidenta im Gligorov pri pqrvoto si oficialno poseshtenie u nas iztqrsi, che v Bqlgariia jiveeli DVA MILIONA MAKEDONCI???! Da ne govorim che v posledniia mesec se provaliha tri opita za podpisvane na dvustranni spogodbi, poneje makedoncite iskat izrichno da se zapishe v protokola, che sa sqstaveni na bqlgarski i makedonski ezici. Nashite pqk ne priznavat da ima makedonska naciia i ezik i stana edna - ne ti e rabota. Amerikancite pqk, deistvaiki na principa "razdeliai i vladei" , uj sluchaino pusnaha v tiahnata presa, citirana ot nashata informaciia, che po tehni operativni danni v Makedoniia v momenta jiveiat 500 000 BQLGARI???!!! i napravo gi razbiha. Gligorov kato doide v Sofiia, kaza che pri tiah bqlgarite bili 3000? Ami tova e gore-dolu istoriiata okolo makedonskoto malcinstvo u nas. Tqjnoto e, che sled kato toia ianki se naaka taka pred senatskata komisiia, nikoi v Bqlgariia (ot dqrjavnite mqje stava vqpros) nema smelost da mu se izrepchi i da mu kaje da vnimava kakvo govori, che moje i da bqde izgonen ot stranata. Kato pristigna za pqrvi pqt v Bqlgariia pqrvite mu dumi na skapan bqlgarski biaha: "Az mnogo se radva, che otnovo v Bqlgariia" i ne pojela da otgovori na nito edin jurnalisticheski vqpros.
Ottogava obache veche nikoi ne se seshta, che DPS e antikonstitucionna partiia i ne triabva da i se pozvoliava da uchastva v bqdeshtite izbori. Ami tova e.
The lack of "real" winter and "storks" (not a lot of them in the cities :-() raises some difficulties in implementing this tradition nowadays but Bulgarians are still celebrating and very fond of the 1st of March (in a traditional and "modern" way at the same time).
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Saint George the Victorious ("Pobedonosez") was cannonized by the Church because of what he has done. He is usually painted on an icon as riding a white horse, holding a lance in his hand, stabbed in the throat of a beast - the dragon ("lamia"). According to the legend, a dragon used to attack the shepherds and their sheep and each time the dragon used to steal a sheep or a lamb. The shepherds were desperate. Then St. George appeared and killed the dragon. Since that day, the shepherds celebrate St. George everyyear and make a "kurban" - slaughter of a lamb (sacrifice for St. George). In every house of a village, a lamb is slaughtered. Before that some flowers are put on the lamb's horns and even a prayer is read. All village gates (doors) are covered with flowers. Early in the morning, people go to the river to wash themselves. On this days, people has to check their weight ("pretegliam se") - it has been the "only" day of the year when people checked their weight. There has also been a tradition that people goto a swing ("lyulka") on that day.
St. George's day (Gergiovden) has been pronounced (some years after the liberation of Bulgaria) as the day of the Army - the Bravery day. The main Army parade used to take place on this day. Recently, this festivity has been restored.
As far as the 1st of May is concerned, it hasn't been a traditional celebrational day. However, on this day everybody has been trying to cheat somebody else (like on the 1st of April, nowadays). If one succeeds (in his "cheating") - he says :"Mai, mai, zamayah te" (difficult to translate - a play of words meaning - I've cheated you).
Traditionally on St. Paul's day (St. Pavel) - the 11th (or 29th) of June people don't work and don't lit fires ("ogniove"). The next day is St. Peter's day - when a chicken is to be eaten.
New Year's Day Jan 1 National Holiday (Liberation from the Turks) Mar 3 Easter (not on the same day as in Western Europe) Labor Day May 1 St. Cyril and St. Methodius Day (Education and Culture Day, May 24 also Day of the Slavic Heritage) Christmas Dec 25
Due to different reasons, Bulgarians know little on the one of the greatest (and most important) events in their modern history - the reestablishment of their own national church in the Ottoman Empire. This came after several decades of struggle of the Bulgarians with the Phanariotes of Constantinopol (Istanbul) (and the Russian diplomacy). The struggle (which actually started in 1833 when the Bulgarians in Skopie and Samokov refused to continue accepting the Greek clergy) ended with success (even the treath of converting the Bulgarians to Catolicism was used) and on March 10th, 1870 (old style), the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire issued a famous ferman (order), which established the Bulgarian autocephalous Church under a primate entitled Exarch, whose residence was at Constantinopol. On the 16th of Sept 1872, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchy declared the Bulgarian Exrarchate schismatic and the schism lasted until the late 1940-ies (or maybe early 50-ies, and after that Bulgaria's church leader is Patriarch). The jurisdiction of the Exarchate during its establishment was over 15 dioceses ('mitropolii'), including Nish, Pirot and Veles (but not Varna !!!). Other dioceses were to be added in case at least 2/3rd of the Christian local population so desired (this was a not well known but truly democratic act during the 19th century on the Balkans). In virtue of that, the Porte (i.e. the Ottoman administrati- on) subsequently allowed Bulgarian bishops in Ohrid, Uskub (at present - Sko- pie, Monastir, Nevrokop (at present - Goce Delchev), Dibra, and Strumitsa. The Bulgarian Exarch was resident in Constantinopol until the Balkan Wars after which (in 1913), he (at that time - Exarch Joseph) withdrew to Sofia.
FAIR USE ONLY.
Our Guide Lines for Holy Communion
Orthodox Christians are expected to take Confession before Holy Communion. Let us prepare ourselves with prayers and fasting from the night before.
Holy Communion in the Orthodox Church is shared only by Orthodox Christians. Even though there are non-Orthodox Churches which encourage and permit their faithful to take Communion in the Orthodox Church, it is not allowed to do so in the Orthodox Church. Like wise, Orthodox Christians may not take Communion in non-Orthodox Churches.
When you are taking Holy Communion in a parish other than your own, please notify the priest before-hand, no later than at the time of Confession.
Due to the fact that we receive faithful from all aver the world, sometimes it is difficult to identify a person from other denominations, so please be sure to be able in some way to prove yourself to be Orthodox.
Although we deeply regret that it must be, there may be some cases where it is impossible to fully verify the Orthodoxy of the visitor. Therefore, we may ask you to present some form of identification before we can give you Communion. Please be sure to talk with one of the priests as early as possible to avoid such unfortunate incident. Wee thank you for your cooperation.
Eto malqk otkqs ot BIP :
Petkovden
Prep. Paraskeva (Petka) pravoslavnata cqrkva chestva na 14 oktomvri. Tova e nepodvizhen cqrkoven praznik. Tja e rodena v grad Epivat-Trakija, prez X vek. Oshte na mladini se obricha v sluzhba na Boga. Naj-silno i povlijali Evangelskite slova, koito vednqzh chula v hrama: "Ako njakoj iska da vqrvi sled Mene, da se otkazhe ot sebe si". Celija si zhivot prep. Paraskeva prekarala v Jordanskata pustinja. Prez 1025 g. netlennite j moshti bili preneseni v Tqrnovo, a po-kqsno - v gr. JAsh - Rumqnija, kqdeto sa i do dnes.
Chestit imen den na Jordanovcite (malko e ranichko, ama nishto). Eto nakratko smisula na praznika spored Pravoslavnata curkva:
Na tozi den se praznuva krushtenieto na Iisus Hristos vuv vodite na reka Jordan (ottuk - Jordanovden). Subitieto e opisano ot vsichki evangelisti (Mateja 3:13-17, Marko 1:9- 11, Luka 3:21-23 i Ioan 1:29-34) i se naricha Bogojavlenie, zashtoto pred prisustvashtite na nego ednovremenno se otkrivat trite lica na Svetata Troica - Iisus Hristos - Sina Bozhi, krushtavan v rekata, Svetija Duh, slizasht vuv vid na gulub nad nego i glasa na Otca, proglasjavasht ot nebeto: "Tova e mojat vuzlyuben sin, v kogoto e moeto blagovolenie".
ENGLISH: The Orthodox Church attaches a great importance to this feast, because of its deep theological significance. What is selebrated is not so much the historical fact of the manifestation of the Holy Trinity to the world for the very first time, nor the beginning of Christ's public life, nor again the baptism, administered by John the Baptist: it is rather the manifestation of God's glory, of His love for mankind, of His mercy and compassion expressed in the person of Jesus Christ, Who assumed flesh and became Man in order to become a sacrifice of salvation for the sake of all men. "The grace of God our Savior has appeared to all men" (Tit., 2:11).
Inspired by the baptism of Christ and by this stirring of divine life, poured forth for the salvation and sanctification of mankind, the early Church reserved this day for the baptism of catechumens (in Slavonic "oglasheni", e.g. those who are preparing themselves for the sacrament of baptism, but are not members of the Church yet), increasingly repeating with St. Paul: "As many have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ." ("Vie, koito se krustihte v Hrista, v Hrista se i obljakohte").
Na praznika se pravi Vodosvet, za da pomnim, che s krushtenieto si Gospod osveti vodata, a s neja i cjaloto Tvorenie.
ENGLISH: Blessed water will be used by the priest to sprinkle the homes of the faithful. The priest thus consecrates to God their lives and works and sufferings. "O Lord, be in our thoughts, in our words, in our deeds, in our tears and in our laughter. O Lord, let your presence be felt in this house, and in those who enter therein, as it was felt by John as You were baptized in the Jordan River." (from the ritual)
PRAYER, recited by the priest: "Today the land and the sea divide between them the joy of the world, and the world is filled with rejoicing. The waters behold You, O Lord: the waters behold You and they fear; the Jordan River turns back its course as it beholds the fire of the Godhead coming down upon it and entering it in the flesh; the Jordan River turns back its course as it beholds the Holy Spirit descending in the likeness of a dove, and hovering above it; the Jordan River turns back its course as it beholds the Invisible made visible, the Creator existing in the flesh, and the Master in the likeness of a servant; the Jordan River turns back its course, and the mountains shout with glee as they behold God in the flesh. And the clouds give voice, and are filled with awe by the One who is coming, Light of Light, true God of true God; the One who, in the Jordan River, has drowned the death of sin, the thorn of error, and the bond of Hades, and granted the baptism of salvation to the world. So also am I, your unworthy and sinful servant, encompassed by fear as I proclaim your great wonders; and I cry out reverently to you.
DAY 1 - THE CREED (SIMVOL-VERUJU)
Most of the systematic explanations of the Orthodox faith are based on the Nicene Creed, which is the ultimate expression and synthesis of the dogma of Orthodoxy and the basis of its teaching and sacramental life.
The Creed was adopted between 325 and 381 A.D., shortly after Christianity was no longer persecuted in the Roman Empire. The adoption took place at an Ecumenical Council (Vselenski Subor), which is the only form, recognized by the Orthodox Church even until nowadays for the highest church authority. In this respect it differs very much from Rome, which historically has concentrated much spiritual power in the person of the Bishop of Rome, e.g. the Pope. The Orthodox Church recognizes 7 Ecumenical Councils in its entire history.
Originally the Creed was used by the Early Church at baptismal services, when the person who was to be baptized, had to acknowledge his true Christian faith. This baptismal formula, however, later developed into a short, but extremely profound in its theological meaning statement of faith, which has ever since been used as a "testing paper" for any new teaching; in the Creed, it is often said, one can find the whole Bible condensed. In nowadays the Creed is recited (or sung) at every Liturgy, at the moment of the consecration of the bread and the wine.
Here is the complete text of the Creed. (Our next topics will deal with the truths of faith revealed in each of its sections.)
ENGLISH:
1. I believe in one God, Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and Earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
2. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only- begotten, begotten of the Father before all ages:
3. Light of light, true God of true God, begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father; by Whom all things were made:
4. Who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and was made man;
5. And was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; and suffered and was burried;
6. The third day He rose again according to the Scriptures;
7. And ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father;
8. And He shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; Whose kingdom shall have no end.
9. And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of Life, Who proceeds from the Father, Who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, Who spoke by the prophets.
10. I believe in One Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church.
11. I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins.
I look for the resurrection of the dead and the Life of the world to come.
Amen
CHURCH-SLAVONIC: Veruju vo edinago Boga Otca, Vsederzhitelja, Tvorca nebu i zemli, vidimim zhe vsem i nevidimim. I vo edinago Gospoda Iisusa Hrista, Sina Bozhija edinorodnago, izhe ot Otca rozhdennago prezhde vseh vek: sveta ot sveta, Boga istinna ot Boga istinna, rozhdenna, ne sotvorenna, edinosushtna Otcu, imzhe vsja bisha. Nas radi chelovek i nashego radi spasenija shedshago s nebes, i voplotivshegosja ot Duha Svjata i Marii Devi, i vochelovechshasja. Razpjatago zhe za ni pri Pontijstem Pilate, i stradavsha, i pogrebena. I vozkresshago v tretij den po pisaniem. I vozshedshego na nebesa i sedjashta otdesnuju Otca. I paki grjadushtago so slavoju, suditi zhivim i mertvim, ego zhe carstvie ne budet konca.
I v Duha Svetago, Gospoda, zhivotvorjashtago, izhe ot Otca izhodjashtago, izhe so Otcem i Sinom spoklonjaema i sslavima, glagolavshago proroki. Vo edinu svjatuju, sobornuju i apostolskoju Cerkov. Izpoveduju edino kreshtenie vo ostavlenie grehov. Chaju voskresenija mertvih i zhizni budushtago veka. Amin.
In the next days we will examine (very briefly) the meaning of all these somewhat extravagantly sounding sentences. Believe me, it is not as simple as it looks!
SUNDAY SCHOOL - DAY 2
THE ACT OF FAITH
I BELIEVE...
Originally the Creed was recited with "We believe", affirming the "common mind and one heart", the universality of the Church and therefore the emphasis was laid on the collective, rather than the personal aspect of faith. Later, with the development of the Church consciousness and the refinement of the elements of personal religiousness, they started reciting it as a personal, rather than collective statement of faith.
But is what is "to believe"? What is "faith"? Is it the self-deceiving whimsical picture of a world, governed by supreme powers, combined with subconscious fear of personal death, that stimulates the mind to create the images of Heaven and Hell? Is it just another ideology? Is it a psychological deviation? What is the relation between "I believe" and "I know"? These are questions, that have troubled the minds of many generations, including our own. Contrary to many people's expectations, the progress of science and technology did not bring about ultimate answers to the ancient questions; the only effect that the technocratic age has had upon the problem of personal faith and the existence of God is that it distracted the attention of whole generations from its clear realization. The result is not the problem's disappearance, but the decreasing number of individuals, who face it in their lifetimes.
The Scripture itself explores the different aspects and proper modes of faith. But there is also in it a definition of faith, although very brief. It it to be found in the Epistle to the Hebrews, usually ascribed to St. Paul, one of the Twelve apostles: "Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. For by it the elders (i.e. the Jews in the Old Testament - P.S.) obtained a good testimony. By faith we understand that the worlds were fraimed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible." (Heb. 11:1). This short statement is one of the most explored passages in the Bible, especially nowadays, with the recent development of gnoseology, the science of rational perception and knowledge.
Therefore a statement a faith presupposes knowledge, but not the kind of knowledge we all know from our sensual or mental experience. As it refers to a reality different from our material world and beyond it (transcendental), the tools of natural science are useless, if we want to get to know it. The spiritual reality, the existence of God and the angelic powers cannot be "detected" with any technological means or by the rational means of analysis. The usual question of the non-believers "Where is God? Show Him to me!" thus has no meaning and is a consequence of misunderstanding of the difference between the two realities - the created and the uncreated one (e.g. the material world - the Universe), and the transcendent existence of God, which is beyond the borders of our knowledge and understanding.
A natural question would be "Where do we get this supernatural knowledge about God, then? Since He is so unreachable by any human means, how would we even know of His existence?"
This is the problem of the sources of the divine revelation. We can distinguish several such sources:
- the material world itself. The law of cause and effect could be applied to trace the mere fact of the Being's existence (which in itself is an effect) to its pre- existential cause, which, according to the believers, is God himself. This is called "the ontological argument".
- the moral law in Man. The ability to distinguish between good and evil, the subtle sensitivity about an ever- existing supreme justice; inspite of many behavioral explanations of the moral phenomena, still one of the most profound and convincing explanations are the theological ones.
- the feeling of a purpose in the life of the individual and the existence of the Universe. This is the "teleological argument".
- the recorded Revelation - the Bible or the Word of God. It consists of the Old and the New Testaments, the Old being the sacred writings of the Jewish nation, covering a long period of its history and actually regarding the events of this hisotry as a manifestation of God's intervention in human history in general. The New Testament is an account of the fulfillment of the expectations of a Messiah, a legendary figure, expected by the ancient Jews and foreseen in their prophetic writings. The Messiah is Jesus Christ the Nazarene, a real figure, who has lived during the rule of Herod, king of the Roman province of Judea. In the person of Christ, according to Orthodoxy, the ultimate revelation is to be completed - God Himself takes human nature and "walks among us in flesh". The meaning and purpose of this incarnation will be discussed later.
Generally speaking, there is nothing in the physical reality that can not serve as some sort of revelation; all human cultures have developed different imagery, stories and beliefs to express something common for all mankind - the deeply rooted in every human being religiousness, i.g. the possibility, the potential of religious faith, of direct perception of the divine.
Therefore, when an Orthodox Christian starts his/her statement of faith with "I believe...", he is not speaking to himself and is not proclaiming a desired state of things, having nothing to do with reality. He is rather answering a supernatural call for obedience and recognition, that comes from outside, and at the ame time from his own personal depths. It is the outward expression of Man's personal act of faith, carried out again and again, reaching to find his own self-identity in a complicated world. In those two simple words there is a whole ontology (vision of the essence of being) and a clear anthropology (vision of the essence of Man); a picture of a created Universe and a response from a living soul to the divine call from its Creator.
The act of faith is a necessary first step on the path of Christian fulfillment. Without faith the secret knowledge of God will not be revealed; the virtues cannot be practiced effectively and salvation cannot be achieved. There are dozens of examples in the Bible on the importance of personal faith for receiving the grace of God, His loving- kindness and forgiveness. Strictly speaking the nonbeliever is in a different state or mode of being than the believer, he/she has a different supernatural status - not only in the eyes of God, but objectively, in his own nature. Reproachful, as it may sound, this is an argument, upon which many religions agree (I mean the status of Man before and after the personal act of faith). Believers know the difference and that is one of the main drives for evangelism (please do not associate it with street or TV evangelism), of sharing the Good News with others and thus helping them to partake in the divine nature and to perceive the truths from the "other reality" I already mentioned.
In my next posting I will deal in brief with the other part of the first section of the Creed, namely, the dogma of the Holy Trinity and His three persons (hipostasis).
VOCABULARY: Godhead - Bozhestvo. The Holy Trinity, regarded in its unity, rather than in the aspect of the differences between the three Persons.
Religion - from re-legare, a Latin word for "to reunite", to join together something that has previously been broken or cut apart.
Bible - from "biblia" (Greek word for "books"), i.g. the collection of the sacred writings of Christianity. A general agreement on the contents of the Bible was reached no earlier than the 3-4th century, when there was a need of a common written source for all Christians. This concerns only the books of the New Testament; the Old Testament is basically all the major books of the Jewish Torrah (The Five Books, ascribed to Moses) and the writings of prophets, poets, hitorians, etc. - but every book deals with some aspect of the revelation of God to the Jewish nation.
NEDELNO UCHILISHTE - DAY 3
THE PERSONS OF THE TRINITY
(I believe) IN ONE GOD...
The first section of the Creed deals with the object of the Orthodox religious worship - the Holy Trinity, who has revealed to mankind His presence and role in the history of the nations, as well as in the personal lives of millions of people.
All religions worship some sort of a divine Person, or Being, or Essence. Some tend to depersonalize the Godhead and often talk about the Spirit of Nature, or the Spirit of the Universe, who has not any aspects, similar to the Man's personality. This group of religions constitute the pantheism, the "all-is-God" view, associated mainly with the religious systems of Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. The religious experience for them can be very strong, even ecstatic, but never personal, i.e. promoting the individual uniqueness and the person-to-person relation with God.
For us Christians God is doubtlessly a Person, although not in the same sense in which man is a person. The psychological sciences have achieved a lot to explain the process of the formation of individuality and personality in Man; obviously, this process has a lot to do with the external influences (from the parents or the society). This is not the case with God. His Person has never been formed and is not a subject to any change or development (because God exists beyond Space and Time). More importantly, He has a Being-in-Himself, that is, he does not owe His existence to an external cause, as we all do; He is self-sufficient in His Divinity.
The problem of the Person of God is one of the most difficult to understand. One of the reasons for this is that it is very much related with the problem of the Essence of God, which is beyond any human understanding. The other reason is the fact that we, having been granted human personalities by God, often tend to "create" a God of our own "image and likeness". No matter how tempting this may seem, it has ever to be avoided by the true seekers. The anthropocentricity, as this is called, can be overcome only by a real personal relation with God; a relation dominated not by pride, but by humiliation and an honest desire to know God better, which is a natural desire, implanted in every man's soul, no matter how distorted it may be.
The detailed history of God's revelation as One God (opposed to the polytheism of most of the nations at that time) is to be found throughout the books of the Old Testament, since the very first page.
...THE FATHER...
Now probably some people may think: "Well, if that is not anthropomorphism (ascribing aspects of the human nature to God), then I don't know what is". Calling the Godhead "a Father", and therefore ascribing to it human characteristics, may seem strange and primitive.
Actually there are a lot of reasons for calling God "Father". First, our relationship with Him is very much like a fatherhood and a sonhood, as He is our Creator and we owe Him our existence. Second, the love of a father for his children is an image of God's love for every individual of mankind. There are also many other theological arguments for this name. But, above all, God Himself is calling us His sons and Jesus referred to Him as "Father".
It has been become a fashion recently for some groups to talk about the "feminine aspect of God" and to address Him by other names. But for an Orthodox Christian, it is clear that God is above any sexuality and gender; nevertheless He Himself has taught us to address Him as Father. Sometimes, especially in the spiritual matters, obedience is more important than understanding and understanding of a spiritual truth comes after a certain period of obedience.
Also, the Father is the name of one of the three Persons (hypostaseis) of the Godhead, the other two being the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit. The relation between God's unity and diversity at the same time will be examined later.
...ALMIGHTY, MAKER OF HEAVEN AND EARTH, AND OF ALL THINGS VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE.
These are words, referring to some of the attributes of God. He is almighty, (omnipotent; in Slavonic: Vsederzhitel) that is, His powers and abilities transcend any human imagination or understanding. The omnipotence of God's divine nature expresses itself in the creation of the world, that is, the Universe. "Heaven and Earth" does not necessarily mean the physical sky and the planet Earth; it includes the whole Nature, the Cosmos, all dimensions, planets, stars and aspects of the material being, both known and unknown to Man. The things which are "visible" are the realities of the physical Universe, while "invisible" refers to the spiritual realities (for example, the angelic powers).
The act of Creation is one of the ultimate self- expressions of God. Not that He needs such self-expression, but because it is a sign of His Divine Love. ("God is Love", the Gospel says, and through Love we find Him. Therefore, Christians view this world as an enigmatic signature of God; by exploring the material aspects of Nature many scientists have come to a greater faith in God - such as Isaac Newton, for example.)
VOCABULARY: Omnipotence - the unlimited and unconditional powers and abilities of God to dispose of His own creation.
Omnipresence (vezdesushtnost) - God is not "living" somewhere beyond the borders of the known Universe and actually He is not occupying any particular space at any particular time. Being above the dimensions, He is at the same time ever-present in all of them, everywhere and all the time. Being a "Superperson" He is also able to relate to each and everyone of all the human beings, without neglecting anybody and fully present any time we call on His holy name.
Angelic powers - spiritual beings, created before the first men, which do not possess material shape or nature and only occasionally can appear as visible messengers of God. The angelic powers are not completely revealed to us; we know very little of them. But the Scripture makes it quite clear that: 1) they exist; 2) part of them have turned away from God, using their free will for disobedience; they are called demons; 3) there are multitudes of them and they form a certain hierarchy (the Orthodox church formally agrees on seven angelic ranks, although for some of them virtually nothing is known, except that they are mentioned in the Scripture.) It should be pointed out, that knowledge about the teaching of the Church on the angelic powers is extremely important today, when many people speculate with the spiritual hunger of the people and claim to be in contact with spirits, extraterrestrials, angels, etc. The Church has been dealing with such "paranormal" cases for centuries and has worked out many rules for our proper relation to such phenomena.
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-11-9.TXT
For more information, please read the entire article by anonymous ftp from the FTP archive in the directory /BULGARIA
file name: FAQ-11-10.TXT
PRAVOSLAVIETO I GREGORIANSKIJAT KALENDAR
Tqj kato istorijata na kalendarnoto razminavane beshe veche nakratko izjasnena, shte opisha s dve dumi segashnata situacija - kakva e pozici- jata na Pravoslavieto po tozi vqpros.
Pqrvo, ne biva da zabravjame, che vqv vsjaka svetovna religija kalendarqt ima osobeno mjasto. Za razlika ot svetskoto letobroene, koeto e poveche ili po-malko pragmatichno otchitane na vremeto na bazata na obshtoprieti standarti, cqrkovnoto vreme e neshto sqvsem drugo. Ne e sluchajno, che sq- vremennata civilizacija otchita vremeto si sprjamo tochno opredelena toch- ka vqv vremeto - predpolagaemata godina na razhdaneto na Iisus ot Nazaret. No dokato za sveta tova e prosto kulturen fenomen, za Cqrkvata toj ima dql- boko religiozno sqdqrzhanie; v razhdaneto na Hrista vjarvashtite vizhdat grandiozno sqbitie s kosmicheski izmerenija, tochkata na presichane na Bozhestvenoto i choveshkoto i nachaloto na spasitelnata misija za chovesh- kija rod. S edna duma za Cqrkvata vremeto ne e prosta fizicheska velichina, no izmerenie sqs sakramentalno znachenie. Sledvajki podobni sqobrazhenija nikoj ne bi obvinil v "konservatizqm" evreite, kitajcite ili mjusulmanite, che si imat svoj sobstven kalendar. Prosto vqprosqt ne e prjako svqrzan s pragmatichnata strana na neshtata...
Taka praznicite v Cqrkvata se razlichavat ot svetskite praznici. Godishnijat cikql na bogosluzhenijata e zatvoren, kato tazi ciklichnost simvolizira bez- krajnostta na Boga, a vseki praznik ne e prosto pripomnjane na vazhno sqbi- tie, a prichastjavane s tazi bezkrajnost. Eto zashto vqprosite okolo kalen- dara ne sa ednoznachni i ne iziskvat zadqlzhitelno pragmatichnija podhod za razreshavaneto im, za razlika ot podobni razlichija v svetskite merni sis- temi (kontinentalnata metrichna i amerikanskata, naprimer).
Oshte edin faktor trjabva da se otchita, kogato stava vqpros za kalendarni razlichija mezhdu Pravoslavieto i Rimokatolicizma - shizmata (razdelenieto), kojato razdeli ednata Hristova, Vselenska i Apostolska Cqrkva prez 11 vek. Vzaimnite podozrenija, obvinenija i nedoverie ne sa se prekratili nito za mig ottogava. I dori kogato Rim e pravil novovqvedenija, potiknat ne ot zla umisql, a ot sqobrazhenija za praktichnost, Iztokqt e predpochital da ne se sqobrazjava s nego. Obratnoto sqshto se e sluchvalo nevednqzh.
Shto se otnasja do kalendara obache, v momenta v pravoslavnija svjat preob- ladavat novokalendarcite. Do kraja na I sv. vojna vsichki pravoslavni izpo- lzvat starija stil, ili Julianskija kalendar, kojto, kakto stana jasno, dnes izostava ot Gregorianskija s 13 dni. Prez 1923 Vselenskijat Patriarh (tradi- cionnata titla na episkopa na Konstantinopol (sega Istanbul)) svikva Mezhdu- pravoslaven kongres, na kojto prisqstvat delegati ot Sqrbija, Rumqnija, Gqrcija i Kipqr. Patriarsite na Ierusalim i Antiohija otkazvat da izpratjat delegati, Aleksandrijskijat Patriarh dori ne otgovarja na pokanata. Bqlgar- skata Cqrkva ne e pokanena. Sred njakolkoto vqprosi, s koito se zanimava kongresqt, e i kalendarqt, i po-tochno predlozhenieto za priemane na zapad- nija stil. Prez 1924 g. Konstantinopol vqvezhda novija stil i skoro sqshtoto pravjat cqrkvite v Aleksandrija, Antiohija, Gqrcija, Kipqr, Rumqnija i Pol- sha. (Bqlgarija priema novija stil prez 1968 g.) Cqrkvite na Rusija, Ieru- salim, Sqrbija, kakto i manasitrite v Sveta Gora ne priemat novovqvedenieto. Prakticheski obache cjalata Pravoslavna Cqrkva praznuva Velikden pochti vi- nagi ednovremenno sqs Zapada, a Finlandskata pravoslavna cqrkva izcjalo se sqobrazjava s Gregorianskija kalendar.
Za mnogo pravoslavni priemaneto na novija stil se svqrzva s kapitulacija pred "shizmaticite", sirech, pred Rim i razumnite osnovanija za edna taka- va stqpka, kojato bi sqdejstvala za svetovnoto hristijansko edinstvo prosto se prenebregvat v imeto na starata vrazhda. V mnogo pravoslavni strani, vkljuchitelno i v BG, se pojaviha grupi na "starokalendarcite", nastojava- shti za vrqshtane kqm starija stil, pozovavajki se na argumenta, che spored kanonichnoto pravo promjanata na kalendara iziskva obshtoto sqglasie na vsi- chki pravoslavni cqrkvi i sledovatelno reshenijata, vzeti v Konstantinopol sa nishtozhni. No dokato monasite ot Sveta Gora, othvqrljajki novija kalen- dar, ne prekqsvat edinenieto si s Konstantinopolskija Patriarh, njakoi kraj- ni grupi se objavjavat za "istinskata" i "chista" pravoslavna cqrkva, iz- kljuchvajki se ot svetovnoto pravoslavno obshtenie. V Bqlgarija tova e gru- pata na Rosen Siromahov, provqzglasen za "Episkop Triadicki" i rqkopolozhen ot grqcki starokalendarski episkop.
Amerikanskata Pravoslavna Cqrkva, makar che e pod jurisdikcijata na Ruskija Patriarh, sqbljudava novija stil, koeto pokazva, che kalendarqt ne e prob- lem, zaradi kojto si zasluzhava da se razdelja Cqrkvata. Taka pone mislja az. :-)
V Chicago se izdava edinstveniat v USA i Canada bqlgarski vestnik Good Luck. Vseki, koito jelae da sqtrudnichi, da se abonira ili se nujdae ot njakakva informatsia za vestnika moje da ce cvqrje s izdatelite:
Orlin Krumov Simeon Todorov 2575 Victor ave. Apt.645 1562 Woodland #C Glenview, IL 60025 Des Plaines, IL 60016 Phone: (708) 486-1602 (708) 824-6478
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
25 Maj - Blagoveshtenie. (Annunciation)
Edin ot naj-svetlite pravoslavni praznici. V neznachitelnoto gradche Nazaret edna mlada devica, sgodena za vdoveca Josif, poluchava otkrovenieto, za koeto vekove nared sa mechtali pokolenija evrejski zheni - da bqdat udo- stoeni s chestta da rodjat i vqzpitat bqdeshtija Mesija, spasitelja ne samo na evreite, no i na celija choveshki rod ot okovite na greha i smqrtta.
Ot oskqdnite biblejski tekstove i apokrifnata ranna hristijanska li- teratura Maria ni se otkriva kato neobiknovena zhena, nesluchajno izbrana za velikata misija na bogovqplqshtenieto. NeSluchajno Cqrkvata ja naricha s naj- razlichni imena, otrazjavashti nravstvenata j chistota i pokornost sprjamo Boga - "prechista", "presveta"; kakto i osnovnoto j kachestvo - Bogorodica, zhenata, ot kojato Bog poluchava chovechestvoto si, neobhodimo za pqlnotata na izkupitelnata misija na Hrista.
Simvolichno vseki ot nas nosi Hrista v sebe si, v mjarata na vjarata si i dobrite si dela. Za da napredvame v hristijanskite dobrodeteli obache, neobhodimo e kato Maria da se pokorim na Boga, da se smirim "dori do smqrt", za da poluchim blagodatta v pqlnota.
Neka na tozi den si pozhelaem duhovni ochi da vizhdame angela do se- be si i neka se podgotvim da posreshtnem v duh na smirenie i chistota veli- kata vest za Hristovoto vqzkresenie. Amin.
Sledvat molitvite za tozi den, cheteni na liturgijata:
Molitva kqm Bogorodica (Bogorodice, Devo; Hail Mary) - na slavjanski:
Bogorodice, Devo, radujsja! Blagodatnaja Marie, Gospod s toboju; Blagoslovena si v zhenah i blagosloven plod chreva tvoego, jako Spasa rodila esi dush nashih.
Rejoice, Virgin of God! Blessed Mary, God is with you; Blessed are you amongst women and blessed is the fruit of your womb, because you have given birth to the Savior of our souls.
Dostojno est (Meet It Is):
Dostojno est jako voistinu blazhiti tja Bogorodicu, prisnoblazhennuju i preneporochnuju i mater Boga nashego. Chestnejshuju heruvim i slavnejshuju bez sravnenija serafim; Bez iztlenija Boga Slova rozhdshuju, sushtuju Bogorodicu tja velichaem.
It is right and just to bless you, Oh Theotokos, everblessed and pure and the Mother of our God. More honorable than the cherubim and more glorious beyond compare than the seraphim; Without defilement you gave birth to God the Word; True Theotokos, we magnify you.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
HOLY THURSDAY AND HOLY FRIDAY
(repost from an Orthodox listserver)
"The vigil on the eve of Holy Thursday is dedicated exclusively to the Passover Supper which Christ celebrated with his twelve apostles. The main theme of the day is the meal itself at which Christ commanded that the Passover of the New Covenant is to be eaten in remembrance of himself, of his body broken and his blood shed for the remission of sins. In addition, the betrayal of Judas and Christ's washing of the disciple's feet is also central to the liturgical commemoration of the day...The liturgical celebration of the Lord's Supper on Holy Thursday is not merely the annual remembrance of the 'institution' of the sacrament of Holy Communion. Indeed the very event of the Passover Meal itself was not merely the last-minute action by the Lord to 'institute' the central sacrament of the Christian Faith before his passion and death. On the contrary, the entire mission of Christ, and indeed the very purpose for the creation of the world in the first place, is so that God's beloved creature, made in his own divine image and likeness, could be in the most intimate communion with him for eternity, sitting at the table with him, eating and drinking in his unending kingdom...Thus the 'Mystical Supper of the Son of God' which is continually celebrated in the Divine Liturgy of the Christian Church, is the very essence of what life in God's Kingdom will be for eternity..." "The Matins of Holy Friday is generally celebrated Thursday night. The main feature of this service is the reading of twelve selections from the Gospels, all of which are accounts of the passion of Christ...The first service belonging to Holy Saturday, called in the Church the Blessed Sabbath, is the Vespers of Good Friday. It is usually celebrated in the mid-afternoon to commemorate the burial of Jesus..." [From, "Worship"--"The Orthodox Faith" by Fr. Thomas Hopko.]
Here is the list of poems and fiction on the ftp archive. Files marked with
a * in the leftmost column were added recently.
Author Title
Aleksandqr Gerov Kopnej
Aleksandqr Gerov Leglo
Aleksandqr Gerov Golyamata tishina
Aleksandqr Gerov Vishna
Antonia Atanasova Jivotqt e ...
Blaga Dimitrova To be a Woman
Blaga Dimitrova Sama jena na pqt
Blaga Dimitrova Heroica
Blaga Dimitrova To the End
Boris Hristov Vecheren Trompet
Boris Hristov Samotniyat Chovek
Boris Hristov Svatbata na mama
David Ovadiya Na svatbata ...
Damyan Damyanov Kogato si ...
Dimcho Debelyanov ***
Dimcho Debelyanov ***
Dimcho Debelyanov Molitva
Dimcho Debelyanov Bohemski noshti
Dimcho Debelyanov Pomnish li ...
Dimcho Debelyanov Ti smqtno ...
Dimcho Debelyanov Pobeden
Dimcho Debelyanov Cherna pesen
Dimcho Debelyanov Na lunniq ...
Dimcho Debelyanov ***
Dimcho Debelyanov Vchera gledash ...
Dimcho Debelyanov Da se zavqrnesh ...
Dimcho Debelyanov ***
Dimitqr Panteleev Hristos vqzkrese
Dobri Jotev Sebeprisqda
Dimitqr Voev Dayte mi
Elisaveta Bagryana Potomka
Evtim Evtimov Rosata v ravninata ...
Folklore Bilyana platno beleshe
Folklore Ayde, Vodenicharyu
Folklore Gradil Iliya Koliya
Folklore Cherveno Vino Snoshti Pih
Folklore Dve kokoshki
Folklore Kacnal Brqmbar na Trqnka
Folklore Ako Umra
Folklore Zemi me, Penke
Folklore Ludo Mlado
Folklore O, Spomnyate li si, gospojo
Folklore Cheren vlak ...
Folklore Nie studentite ...
Folklore Parichki koy si ima ...
Folklore Selo Brenica
Folklore
Folklore Kqrshi bqrchina ...
Folklore Bilyana platno beleshe ...
Folklore Koga zashumat bukite
Folklore Moma sedi na chardak
Georgi Anastasov Shantav Svyat
Georgi Markov ***
Geo Milev Dnevnik
Hristo Yasenov Prez granitnite ogradi
Ina Popova Who ami I supposed to be ...
Ina Popova Connection
Ivan Canev Mig
Ivan Milchev Pqrvi snyag
Ivan Vassilev A toy, jivota
Ivan Hadjiyski
Ivan Vazov De e Bqlgariya
Ivan Vazov Ne davame ya!
Ivan Vazov Bratya Miladinovi
Ivan Vazov Ne davame ya!
Kalin Donkov Zimna kqshta
Kalin Donkov Byag
Kalin Donkov Cena
Kalin Donkov Prag
Kiril Hristov Lyatna nosht
Lamar Kqm Evropa
Nikola Furnadjiev Jena
Nikola Furnadjiev Dqjd
Nikolay Haytov Mqjki vremena
Nikolay Liliev ***
Nikolay Liliev ***
Nikolay Liliev ***
Nikola Markov Carsko Sqrce
Nikola Markov Iztochna geografiya
Nikola Markov Elada
Nikola Markov London
Nikola Markov Entropiya
Nikola Markov Rodinata
Nikola Markov Jelanie
Nikolay Tankov Kopoite
Nikola Vapcarov Proshtalno
Nedyalko Yordanov Lyubov neobyasnima
Nova Generaciya Chast ot kolekciya
Nova Generaciya Otvqd smqrtta
Nova Generaciya Obicham
Pavel Matev Lyubov - magicheska realnost
Poduene Bluz Bend Komunizmqt si otiva
Plamen Sivov Ohrid
Petko Slaveykov Tatkovina
Peyo Yavorov Rodina
Peyo Yavorov Ela
Peyo Yavorov Zatochenici
Peyo Yavorov Ne si vinovna ti
Peyo Yavorov Dve hubavi ochi
Peyo Yavorov List otbrulen
Peyo Yavorov Epitafiya
Peyo Yavorov Na Lora
Peyo Yavorov Jelanie
Peyo Yavorov Mechta
Peyo Yavorov Na edin pesimist
Peyo Yavorov Ela (w/t)
Peyo Yavorov Sreshta
Peyo Yavorov Vqzdishka (w/t)
Peyo Yavorov Haydushki pesni
Peyo Yavorov Dve hubavi ochi (w/t)
Peyo Yavorov Ovcharska pesen (w/t)
Peyo Yavorov Na nivata (w/t)
Peyo Yavorov Kopnenie (w/t)
Rayko Jinzifov ***
Stefan Canev Molitva kqm Anna
Stefan Canev Himn
Stefan Gruev Korona ot Trqni (prolog)
Tangra Nashiyat grad
Tangra Bogatstvo
Trifon Kunev Noshtta se priblijava
Trifon Kunev Umira pobledneliy den
Trifon Kunev Umira pobledneliy den (w/t)
Teodor Trayanov Karpatskiyat vyatqr
Vladimir Bashev Spomen za pqrvata celuvka
Vladimir Bashev Risunka
Vesselin Hanchev Prqsten
Vesselin Hanchev Lyubov
Vasko Krqpkata Kvartalno krqchme
Vasko Krqpkata Kucheto ot krayniya kvartal
Vasko Krqpkata Nyama bira
Volen Siderov Avtobiografiya
Barnes, Julian. THE PORCUPINE. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992. 138p.
Fiction: novella inspired specifically by the fall of communism in Bulgaria and the trial of its Communist ruler, Todor Zhivkov.
Brown, J.F. BULGARIA UNDER COMMUNIST RULE. London: Pall Mall Press, 1970. ix+339p.
Rather stodgy political and economic analysis.
Constant, Stephen. FOXY FERDINAND: TSAR OF BULGARIA. New York/ London/Toronto/Sidney: Franklin Watts, 1980. 352p.
Lively and irreverent history of Tsar Ferdinand (1861-1948), the monarch responsible for the restoration of Bulgarian sovereignty.
Groueff, Stefane. CROWN OF THORNS. London/New York/London: Madison Books, 1987. xvi+411p.
Unabashedly partisan biography of Tsar Boris (1918-1943), who struggled to keep Bulgaria, a nominal member of the Axis, effectively out of World War II. The author is the son of one of Boris's advisors.
Markov, Georgi. THE TRUTH THAT KILLED. Translated by Liliana Brisby. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1984. xx+280p.
Essays by the famous defector and BBC commentator, victim of a poisoned umbrella wielded by a Communist assassin.
Miller, Marshall Lee. BULGARIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR. Stanford University Press, 1975. xii+290p.
More detached viewpoint than Groueff's biography of Tsar Boris; shows how the war led to the Communist takeover.
Mollenhoff, Clark R. ATANASOFF: FORGOTTEN FATHER OF THE COMPUTER. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988. xv+275p.
Biography of John V. Atanasoff (1903- ), son of a Bulgarian immigrant, who invented the first electronic digital computer.
Stephane Groueff, Crown of Thorns: The Reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria, 1918-1943. Madison Books/University Press of America, New York and London, 1987. xvi + 512pp. L18.50. ISBN 0 8191 5778 3.
Boris III did not have an easy reign. He took the throne at the age of twenty-four as his father, Ferdinand I, fled in the wake of Bulgaria's collapse in World War I, and he died as a defeat even more crushing for the Old Regime was approaching. The years between saw two coups d'etat, a Communist uprising and attempted assassination, and the movement of the country into the orbit of Nazi Germany.
Stephane Groueff is particularly suited to tell this story from the king's perspective. He grew up in the circle of the court, and his father Pavel Gruev, executed after trial by a "people's court" in 1945, was chief of Boris's private cabinet. The author was able to utilize the memories and unpublished papers of many emigres, including members of the royal family and high officials who were close to Boris. His many years' experience as a journalist is evident in the fast-paced style and his eye for the telling anecdote. Some historians may object to his use of the format of "docudrama," with its reconstructed conversations, although Groueff is careful to document their substance.
Groueff states that he did not intend to write an apology for Boris, but his sympathies are overwhelmingly with the king. He seems to share Boris's own outlook that enlightened monarchy is superior to democratic institutions, or at least that the Bulgarian people in the first half of the twentieth century were incapable of managing their own affairs. Boris's support for anti-democratic movements and his abolition of political parties are defended on the grounds that Bulgaria's party leaders were guilty of "excesses" or "partisan squabbles and incompetence." At the same time, the author states that Boris intended at some future time to restore constitutional government. This assertion, along with the belief, widespread in monarchist circles, that Boris, had he lived, would have found a way to extricate Bulgaria from the war with its regime and enlarged territory intact, must remain forever open to question.
Groueff concludes that Boris's difficult relationship with his father and the insecurity of his position during the first years of his reign led the young monarch to refine to a high degree his ability to dissemble and to hide his real feelings. He rarely acted openly, preferring indirection and complex manoeuvres behind the scenes. Consequently, with regard to many of the key events in his reign, Boris's genuine intentions remain elusive, even in the light of the author's research. This is particularly evident with regard to Bulgaria's internal politics. Groueff believes that Boris was not involved in the 1923 overthrow of the Agrarian government, but he did nothing to discourage its perpetrators. He writes that Boris was taken by surprise by the military coup of 1934, but acted with amazing speed to replace its leaders with men loyal to himself.
Boris's diplomacy is more clearly presented and documented than his internal policies, and the author shows how the king sought to reap the benefits of Germany's destruction of the old order in the Balkans, while avoiding active participation in the war. Groueff probably goes too far in assigning full credit to Boris for saving Bulgaria's Jews from deportation to Treblinka. While it is true that Boris took the responsibility of cancelling the deportation orders his government had prepared in consultation with the Germans, Groueff fails to point out that Boris acted only after energetic protests by a wide range of political leaders and the head of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. He also minimizes the fact that Boris did approve the deportation of the Jews from the area of Macedonia under Bulgarian occupation and at one point offered to compromise by deporting politically unreliable Jews from Bulgaria itself. Groueff is open-minded on the question of Boris's death, presenting the results of the official autopsy as well as various theories of murder and suicide.
The author devotes considerable attention to the private life of the court. Boris's marriage, his daily routine and excursions, his estates and gardens are described with affection. Zbigniew Brzezinski is quoted on the book's dust jacket as saying that it recreates "the atmosphere of an age which now seems so remote but which in fact is only of the very recent past." I would certainly agree that it demonstrates the anachronistic character of the Balkan monarchies in the twentieth century.
In the discussion of voting systems, Penio Penev asked for some recommended books on the interwar period. Here are a few suggestions with brief commentary. They can supplement the bibliographic list that was posted a few days ago.
Kosta Todorov, -Balkan Firebrand-
Todorov was one of the most interesting figures in Bulgarian politics between the wars. Unfortunately, he spent many of these years in exile and then was made an "unperson" during the Communist period. His memoirs were published in English during World War II.
Blagoy Popov, -Za da ne se povtori nikoga veche-
The memoirs of a "left sectarian" and defendent at the Reichstag fire trial. They include his experience in USSR and GULAG.
Petqr Semerjiev, several works.
Former central committee member who left Bulgaria for Israel. He has several studies on the interwar and immediate postwar periods including: -The Real Georgi Dimitrov-, -The Trial of Traicho Kostov-, and a "counterbiography" of Todor Zhivkov called -Nishtojestsvo v dospehite na velichie-.
Some books by US historians include:
Charles Moser, -Dimitrov of Bulgaria-. This is, of course, Dr G.M. Dimitrov, not the Comintern fellow.
Marshall Miller, -Bulgaria during the Second World War-.
Fred Chary, -The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution-.
Joseph Rothschild, -The Bulgarian Communist Party: Origins and Development-.
Nissan Oren, -Bulgarian Communism: The Road to Power-.
John Bell, -The Bulgarian Communist Party: From Blagoev to Zhivkov-. BTW, the questions raised by a contributor to scb about my views on the 1946 elections and other matters will find them fully documented here.
I also like my own -Peasants in Power- which has just been republished in Bulgaria as -Aleksandqr Stamboliyski i BZNS 1899- 1923.
Duncan Perry, -The Politics of Terror-. on the Macedonian Question. I know Luben has objections to this book, and I share them, but it still contains useful material.
On an earlier period I can recommend -The Establishment of Constitutional Government in Bulgaria - by my old professor Cyril Black. He also has an interesting chapter on Bulgaria immediately after WW II in a book called -Witnesses to the Start of the Cold War-, whose editor I cannot remember at the moment.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Here are some books about Bogomiles in English, German, French and Russian. Sorry, no books about Bogomiles in Japanese (at least not in U.S. libraries :)
Eto nyakolko knigi za Bogomilite na Angliiski, Nemski, Frenski i Ruski. Za sazhalenie nyama knigi na Yaponski za tyah (pone ne v bibliotekite na SASHT :) ENGLISH 1 The Bogumil period in Bosnia 1960 2 Arilje : art against the Bogomils / Caslin, Jeremy 1992 3 Protestants of the east : a study of the ... Gill, Everett, 1940 4 Bogomilism : a study of the "Bulgarian he... Nikoloff, Nicho 1940 5 The Bogomil movement : an investigation o... Nikoloff, Nicho 1954 6 The Bogomil movement : an investigation o... Nikoloff, Nicho 1955 7 The Bogomil movement / Angelov, Dimitu 1987 8 Some aspects of the phenomenon of heresy ... Paraskevopoulou 1977 9 A study of Manichaeism in Bulgaria : with... Sharenkoff, Vic 1927 10 The Bogomils : a study in Balkan Neo-Mani... Obolensky, Dimi 1948 11 The Bogomils of Bulgaria and Bosnia; or, ... Brockett, L. P. 1879 12 Bulgaria's contribution to the developmen... Angelov, Dimitu 1980 13 The Bogomils : a study in Balkan Neo-Mani... Obolensky, Dmit 1948 14 The Bogumil period in Bosnia. Uzelac, Milivoj 1950 15 Bogomil sculpture : essays / Bihalji-Merin, 1962 16 The Bogomils : essays / Bihalji-Merin, 1962 17 The dualistic-gnostic tradition in the By... George, James M 1979 18 The dualistic-gnostic tradition in the By... George, James M 1979 19 The dualistic-gnostic tradition in the By... George, James M 1979 20 The Bogomils : a study in Balkan neo-Mani... Obolensky, Dimi 1948 21 Bogomilism in Macedonia / Taskovski, Drag 1975 22 Dualist heresy in the Middle Ages / Loos, Milan. 1974 23 The Bogomils : a study in Balkan Neo-Mani... Obolensky, Dmit 1948 24 The Bogomils of Bulgaria -- history and a... Ivanoff, Albert 1934 22 Dualist heresy in the Middle Ages / Loos, Milan. 1974 23 The Bogomils : a study in Balkan Neo-Mani... Obolensky, Dmit 1948 24 The Bogomils of Bulgaria -- history and a... Ivanoff, Albert 1934 25 Dualist heresy in the Middle Ages. Loos, Milan. 1974 26 The evolution of the Bogomil sect in Bulg... Scoles, Regina 1973 27 Bogomil sculpture, Bihalji-Merin, 1963 28 The Bogomils, a study in Balkan neo-Manic... Oblensky, Dmitr 1972 29 The Bogomils, a study in Balkan neo-Manic... Obolensky, Dimi 1948 GERMAN 1 Steine der Bogomilen. Bihalji-Merin, 1964 2 Die Bogomilen in ihrer geschichtlichen En... Ilic, Jordan A. 1923 3 Der Bogomilismus auf dem Gebiete des byza... Angelov, Dimitu 1948 4 Die Phundagiagiten : ein Beitrag zur Ketz... Ficker, Gerhard 1908 5 Die Bogomilen in ihrer geschichtlichen En... Ilic, Jordan A. 1923 6 Christen oder Ketzer, die Bogomilen / Papazova, Ekate 1983 7 Les Balkans au Moyen Age : la Bulgarie de... Angelov, Dimitu 1947 8 Die Bogumilen : Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur / Kutzli, Rudolf. 1977 4 Die Phundagiagiten : ein Beitrag zur Ketz... Ficker, Gerhard 1908 5 Die Bogomilen in ihrer geschichtlichen En... Ilic, Jordan A. 1923 6 Christen oder Ketzer, die Bogomilen / Papazova, Ekate 1983 7 Les Balkans au Moyen Age : la Bulgarie de... Angelov, Dimitu 1947 8 Die Bogumilen : Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur / Kutzli, Rudolf. 1977 9 Frauenfrage und Ketzertum im Mittelalter ... Koch, Gottfried 1962 10 Bulgarische Beitrage zur europaischen Kul... 1968 11 Bogumilen und Katharer in ihrer Symbolik. Wild, Georg. 1970 FRENCH 1 Les Bogomiles et Presbyter Kosma these ..... Georgiev, Stefa 1920 2 Le traite contre les Bogomiles. Cosmas, 1945 3 Les bogomiles et presbyter Kosma / Gheorghieff, St 1920 4 Les Origines du catharisme. Dando, Marcel. 1968 5 Les Balkans au Moyen Age / Angelov, Dimitu 1978 6 Les Origines du catharisme. Dando, Marcel. 1967 7 L'art des Bogomiles. Bihalji-Merin, 1963 8 Le livre secret des cathares, Interrogati... 1980 9 L'heresie bulgare : quelques aspects du m... Topencharov, Vl 1978 10 Livres et legendes bogomiles : aux source... Ivanov, Iordan, 1976 11 Les chretiens bosniaques et le mouvement ... Sanjek, Franjo. 1976 12 Les Bougres : histoire du pope Bogomile e... Primov, Borisla 1975 13 Bougres et cathares; deux brasiers, une m... Topencharov, Vl 1971 14 Les origenes du catharisme. Dando, Marcel. 1967 15 Le bogomilisme en Bulgarie Angelov, Dimitu 1972 16 Le traite contre les bogomiles de Cosmas ... Cosmas, 1945 RUSSIAN 1 Bogomilskoe dvizhenie i obshchestvennaia ... Zaitsev, V. K. 1967 2 Vasilii Vrach : romanizovan zhivotopis / Bogdanov, Ivan. 1988 3 Kozma Presviter v slavianskikh literatura... Begunov, IUrii 1973
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
EXPLANATION NOTICE TO ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS, REGARDING BULGARIA
By Roumi Radenska
The list with the books, regarding Bulgaria consists of 50 titles, published in English. THIS IS NOT A FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ALL BOOKS REGARDING BULGARIA IN ENGLISH. It was prepared for Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carorlina. All 50 books are in print. One title, East European Monographs, belongs to a series. Three of the titles are on Compact Discs with church and folk music. The rest of the titles represent monographs on Bulgarian history, art, economy, music, style of life. The titles are grouped as follow:
1. Bulgarian History (681-1993)
General studies in Bulgarian History are listed first. After that, titles are listed chronologically.
2. Religion in Bulgaria
3. Bulgarian Language and Literature
4. Bulgarian Economy
5. Bulgaria - Art, Architecture, Folklore, Life-style
I will be happy to give more detailed information regarding each title in this list or how to search for more books or specific one. Please, forward your questions directly to me at:
radenska@lib.wfunet.wfu.edu
Roumi Radenska
LIST OF BOOKS ABOUT BULGARIA
(Annotated Bibliography)
I. BULGARIAN HISTORY 681-1993
Title: A History of the Balkans: A regional overview from a Bulgarian Perspective. Two volume set.
Author: Tzvetkov, Plamen S.
ISBN: 077341956x (v.1) 0773419586 (v.2)
Publisher: Mellen Edwin Press, NY
Year: 1993
Price: $54.95 ea.
Comment: Research book, representing the point of view of Bulgarians on the history of the Balkan countries and their relations during the centuries. Interest: East European studies, Balkan Studies, History of Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia, Turkey.
Title: The pen and the sword: studies in Bulgarian History
Author: Clarke, James F.
Hupchick, Dennis P. - ed.
ISBN: 0880331496
Publisher: East European Quarterly, NY
Year: 1988
Price: $58.50
Comment: Collected research papers of Clarke, James F. Interest: Bulgarian history in 18th and 19th centuries, Bulgarian-American relations, Historiography.
Series Title: East European Monographs
Publisher: East European Monographs
Year: 1971-
Price:
Comment: The East European Monographs series consists of books on history, culture, language, business of East European countries: Russia, Poland, East Germany, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria. For 22 years, more than 250 books have been published, 139 of them are still in print. Interest: East European studies, Studies of Russia.
Title: Agrarian relations in the Ottoman Empire in the 15th
and 16th Centuries
Author: Moutafchieva, Vera P.
ISBN: 0880331488
Publisher: East European Monographs
Year: 1988
Price: $42.00
Comment: This is a book of a leading Bulgarian researcher in the area of Balkan History during the Ottoman period (1396-1878). It is devoted to the establishing of the Ottoman land ownership in the Balkan Peninsula. The book is based on a large number of documents, kept in Bulgaria and other Balkan countries. Interest: East Europe in 15th - 16th centuries, Agrarian relations in Bulgaria during the first centuries of Ottoman yoke, Turkish history in 15th - 16th centuries.
Title: Balkan Family Structure and the European Pattern: Demographic Development in Ottoman Bulgaria
Author: Todorova, Maria N.
ISBN: 187938308x
Publisher: American University Press, Washington DC
Year: 1993
Price: $47.00
Comment: The monograph studies development and changes of family customs in Bulgaria during the Ottoman period (1396-1878) on the base of turkish registers and other documents. Interest: Balkan History, Bulgarian history during Ottoman period, Bulgarian family, Bulgarian customs, Bulgarian demographic development during Ottoman period.
Title: The Bulgarians in the Seventeenth Century: Slavic Orthodox Society
Author: Hupchick, Dennis P.
ISBN: 0899508227
Publisher: McFarland & Co Inc. Jefferson, NC
Year: 1993
Price: $45.00
Comment: This monograph represents the role of the Eastern Orthodox Church for the Bulgarian society during the 17th century (Ottoman period). Interest: Bulgarian history in the 17th century, Bulgarian Orthodox Church history, Role of the church for saving the Bulgarian nation during the Ottoman period.
Title: The Formation of a nationalist Bulgarian Intelligentsia, 1835-1878
Author: Meininger, Thomas A.
ISBN: 0824080289
Publisher: Garland Publishing Inc. NY
Year: 1987
Price: $80.00
Comment: Doctoral thesis. Represents the formation of the Bulgarian intelligentsia and its leading role in the independence movement. Interest: Bulgarian history in the 19th century, Bulgarian society in the 19th century, Bulgarian national independence movement.
Title: Tsarist Russia and Balkan Nationalism: Russian Influence in Bulgaria and Serbia
Author: Jelavich, Charles
ISBN: 0313200858
Publisher: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. CT
Year: 1978
Price: $49.75
Comment: The book represents some aspects of the Russian influence in Bulgaria and Serbia during the period of establishing of their states after the Ottoman yoke (1879-1886). Interest: Russian foreign relations, Russian influence in Bulgaria, Russian influence in Serbia, Relations between Bulgaria and Serbia, Relations between Balkan states.
Title: A diplomatic History of Bulgaria, 1870-1886
Author: Hyde, Arthur M.
ISBN: 0837154588
Publisher: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. CT
Year: 1972
Price: $45.00
Comment: Reprint of the 1931 ed. of the author's doctoral thesis. Represents relations between Bulgaria and European Countries in a period of strong independence movement, establishing of a new state, creating of a constitution and state institutions. Interest: Bulgarian independence movement and European community, Russian-Turks war 1877-1878, Peace contract from San-Stefano (1878), Berlin Contract (1878), Russian influence in Bulgaria.
Title: Lost Illusions: Russian policies towards Bulgaria in 1877-1887.
Author: Durman, Carel
ISBN: 9155421539
Publisher: Coronet Books, Philadelphia, PA
Year: 1988
Price: $32.50
Comment: Represents the rise and the fall of the Russian influence in Bulgaria during the first decade of deliberated Bulgaria. Interest: Russian foreign politics, Russian influence in Bulgaria, Bulgarian history 1877-1887. Relations between Balkan states 1877-1887.
Title: The establishment of the Bulgarian Ministry of Public Instructions and its role in the development of modern Bulgaria 1878-1885
Author: Heath, Roy E.
ISBN: 0824080254
Publisher: Garland Publishing, NY
Year: 1987
Price: $70.00
Comment: The book is dedicated to the formation of state institutions in Bulgaria, especially of the Ministry of Education. Interest: Bulgarian History in the late 19th century, Creating of educational institutions in Bulgaria, European influence in Bulgaria during the 19th century.
Title: Czar Ferdinand and His People
Author: MacDonald, John
ISBN: 0405027575
Publisher: Ayer Pub. Co Inc., Salem, NH
Year: 1970
Price: $24.50
Comment: Represents Bulgaria during the rule of tsar Ferdinand, 1887-1918. Interest: Political and economical development of Bulgaria at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Affiliations between Bulgaria and Germany, Political destiny of Ferdinand and his family, Bulgaria in World War I.
Title: Fires on the mountain: the Macedonian revolutionary movement and the kidnapping of Ellen Stone
Author: Sherman, Laura Beth
ISBN: 0914710559
Publisher: East European Monographs
Year: 1980
Price: $20.00
Comment: The book is devoted to the kidnapping of the American missionary Ms. Ellen Stone by Macedonian revolutionaries. Interest: American missionaries in Bulgaria and Macedonia, Macedonian independent movement at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, Political relations between Balkan states.
Title: King of Mercy: Boris III of Bulgaria 1894-1943
Author: Dimitroff, Pashanko
ISBN: 1879593699
Publisher: Wexford & Barrow, CA
Year: 1993
Price: $26.95
Comment: The book represents the rule of Boris III (1918- 1943). The accent falls on the years of World War II, the role of the king in saving Bulgarian jews of genocide, political relations with Germany, Avoiding Bulgarian participation in the war against Russia. Interest: Bulgarian history from 1918 to 1944, Boris III, Bulgarian foreign relations in the 20-s and the 30-s, Bulgarian jews, World War II and Bulgaria.
Title: Dimitrov of Bulgaria: a political biography of Dr. Georgi M. Dimitrov
Author: Moser, Charles A.
ISBN: 0898030110
Publisher: Caroline House, Ottawa, CA
Year: 1979
Price: $14.95
Comment: A biography of Dr. Georgi M. Dimitrov (Gemeto, 1903- 1972), leader of the Bulgarian Farmers Union and the political formation "Zveno" during the 30-s and the 40-s. Interest: Georgi M. Dimitrov, Political circle "Zveno", Bulgarian political development in the 30-s, Political fights in Bulgaria after 1944.
Title: The American Military Mission in the Allied Control Commission for Bulgaria 1943-1947
Author: Boll, Michael M.
ISBN: 0880330686
Publisher: Columbia University Press, NY
Year: 1985
Price: $34.00
Comment: Represents the American role and influence in Bulgaria during the last two years of World War II and the first years of communist rule. Interest: American-Bulgarian relations, American military mission on the Balkans, Bulgaria in the 40-s.
Title: The Turks of Bulgaria: the history, culture and political fate of a minority
Author: Karpat, Kemal H.
ISBN: 9754280177
Publisher: Isis Press, Istanbul
Year: 1990
Price: 15.00
Comment: The book represents the history, culture and religion of the islamic population of Bulgaria after 1878 till nowadays. The accent falls on the communist era and the communist policy towards the Bulgarian muslims, especially in the 80-s. Interest: Policy towards the muslim minority in communist Bulgaria; History, culture and religion of the muslims in Bulgaria, Human rights in Bulgaria.
Title: Bulgarian Voices: Letting the People Speak
Author: Ward, Philip
ISBN: 0906672643
Publisher: Oleander Press, NY
Year: 1992
Price: $21.50
Comment: Interviews with Bulgarian people about postcommunist Bulgaria. Interest: Bulgaria after 1989, Last years of communist regime in Bulgaria, Bulgarian public opinion.
Title: Revolutions in Eastern Europe
Author: East, Roger
ISBN: 0861871693
Publisher: Saint Martin's Press, NY
Year: 1992
Price: $54.00
Comment: Represents main events in politics in East European Countries 1989-1992, giving some background information for each of them. Interest: History of East Europe from 1945 to 1992, Revolutions in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Political changes in postcommunist Eastern Europe.
II. RELIGION IN BULGARIA
Title: Bulgarian Mythology
Author: Georgieva, Ivanichka
ISBN: 0685314650
Publisher: State Mutual Book & Periodical Service, Limited, NY
Year: 1985
Price: $195.00
Comment: The book represents Bulgarian Mythology and its sources; religious, ethnographic, historical development. Interest: Religion of Bulgaria, Religion believes of slavic and Bulgarian people before christianization, Contemporary religion customs in Bulgaria.
Title: Patriarch and the Prince: the Letter of Patriarch Photios of Constantinople to Khan Boris of Bulgaria
Author: White, Despina S.
ISBN: 0916586529
Publisher: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, MA
Year: 1982
Price: $9.95
Comment: The book represents a reply of Patriarch Photios on the inquire of Bulgarian Khan Boris about advantages of christian religion. As a result of that discussion, Khan Boris and all Bulgarian people accepted christianity in 865. Interest: Balkan history in Early Middle Ages, First Bulgarian Kingdom, Christianization of Bulgaria, Bulgarian- Byzantium relations.
Title: Six Byzantine Portraits
Author: Obolensky, Dimitry
ISBN: 0198219512
Publisher: Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 1988
Price: $69.00
Comment: The book represents biographies of famous orthodox saints: Clement of Ohrid, Theophylact of Ohrid, Vladimir Monomakh, Sava of Serbia, Cyprian of Kiev and Moscow, Maximos of Greek. Interest: Church History in East Europe during the Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire and its influence on the slavonic countries, Spreading the cyrillic alphabet and forming the early slavonic literature.
Title: The Explanation of the Holy Gospel According to St. Matthew
Author: Theophylact Archbishop of Ohrid
ISBN: 0963518305
Publisher: Chrysostom Press, House Springs, MO
Year: 1993
Price: $22.00
Comment: The explanation of the Holy Gospel According to St. Matthew given by Saint Theophylact of Ohrid (11th - 12th century) stays on the base of some parts of worship in Orthodox Church. Interest: Theology, Vita of Theophylact of Ohrid, East Orthodox Church, Church History, Byzantine and Bulgarian History in 11th - 12th centuries.
Title: Bulgarian monasteries: monuments of history, culture and art.
Author: Chavrukov, Georgi I.
ISBN: 0569085071
Publisher: Septemvri, Sofia BG
Year: 1978
Price: $149.00
Comment: The book represents 74 Bulgarian monasteries. Describes their history, architecture, art; rich illustrated. Interest: History of Bulgarian church through the centuries, Architecture Heritage of Bulgaria, Wall painting and Iconography.
Title: Icons from Bulgaria
Author: Paskaleva, Kostadinka G.
ISBN: 0881681873
Publisher: Alpine Fine Arts Collection, London
Year: 1991
Price:
Comment: The book represents photographs of Bulgarian icons 9th-19th centuries, with detailed explanation of author, painting techniques, size of each icon. Interest: Fine Arts, Bulgarian Iconography, Bulgarian artists, Bulgarian religious life.
Title: Sixteen most Famous icons from Bulgaria
Author: Paskaleva, K.
ISBN: 0685402436
Publisher: State Mutual Book & Periodical Service, Limited, NY
Year: 1987
Price: $150.00
Comment: The book contains photographs of the most famous Bulgarian icons with detailed explanation of author, painting techniques, size of each icon. Interest: Fine Arts, Bulgarian Iconography, Bulgarian artists, Bulgarian religious life.
Title: American missionaries among the Bulgarians, 1858-1912
Author: Nestorova, Tatyana
ISBN: 0880331143
Publisher: East European Monographs
Year: 1987
Price: $20.00
Comment: Represents the role of American Missionaries on Bulgarian religious, cultural and political life in the era of enormous changes in Bulgaria. Interest: American Missionaries in Bulgaria, Bulgarian history from the middle of 19th century to 1912, American- Bulgarian religious and cultural relations.
Title: Protestantism and politics in eastern Europe and Russia: the communist and postcommunist eras
Author: Ramet, Sabrina Petra ed.
ISBN: 0822312417
Publisher: Duke University Press, NC
Year: 1992
Price: $39.95
Comment: Collection of articles dedicated to protestantism and politics in East European countries and Russia after 1945. Each article studies protestantism in particular country. Interest: Protestantism, communism and politics; Protestantism in Russia, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia; Changes in the religious life in East Europe after 1989.
Title: Prophet for Our Times: The Life and Teachings of Peter Deunov
Author: Deunov, Peter Lorimer, David ed.
ISBN: 1852302119
Publisher: Element Books, Inc. Rockport, MA
Year: 1991
Price: $14.95
Comment: The book represents the life and philosophy of Peter Deunov, great religious figure in Bulgaria during 20- s and 30-s. Interest: Philosophy of religion, Bulgarian religious life in 20-s and 30-s, Biography of P. Deunov.
Title: Bulgarian Orthodox Chants
Author:
ISBN: 630226488x
Publisher: Baker & Taylor Video
Year: 1991
Price: $15.98
Comment: In this CD are included chants, performed in Bulgarian churches. Some are performed the way they have been performed since 14th century. Interest: Music, Church Music, Bulgarian Orthodox Music.
III. BULGARIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Title: Teach Yourself Bulgarian: Book and Cassette Pack
Author: Holman, Michael and Mira Kovatcheva
ISBN: 0340561769
Publisher: Hodder & Stoughton LTD
Year: 1993
Price: L 16.54
Comment: Introductory course in Bulgarian language, along with the cassette. Previous similar textbook in Bulgarian language had been published in 1983. Interest: Bulgarian language, Slavic languages.
Title: Kiril and Methodius: Founders of Slavonic Writing
Author: Duichev, Ivan
ISBN: 0880330643
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Year: 1985
Price: $30.00
Comment: This collection of sources and critical studies presents life and work of slavonic Saints Cyril and Methodius. Interest: Early slavonic church literature, Slavonic Saints, Relations between Rome and Byzantium in 9th century, Medieval Europe.
Title: The Inn at Antimovo and Legends of Stara Planina
Author: Yovkov, Yordan
ISBN: 0893572055
Publisher: Slavica Publishing
Year: 1990
Price: 14.95
Comment: In this book are included the most popular short stories and legends, written by Y. Yovkov. They treat the life of Bulgarians during 18th and 19th centuries. Interest: East European literature, Bulgarian short stories, Bulgarian style of life in 18th and 19th centuries.
Title: Yordan Yovkov
Author: Mozejko, Edward
ISBN: 0893571172
Publisher: Slavica Publishers
Year: 1984
Price: 9.95
Comment: The book presents life and work of Bulgarian writer Yordan Yovkov (Iordan Iovkov) 1880-1937. Interest: Bulgarian plays and short stories in 20-s and 30-s, Bulgarian country life in 19th and 20th centuries.
Title: With the precision of bats
Author: Slavov, Atanas
ISBN: 0911050590
Publisher: Occidental Press, NY
Year: 1986
Price: $17.50
Comment: The book represents critical study on Bulgarian literature from 1944 to 1986. Interest: Bulgarian literature 1944-1986, Bulgaria during the communist regime, Bulgarian intellectual life.
Title: The Last Rock Eagle
Author: Dimitrova, Blaga
ISBN: 185610009x
Publisher: Dufour Editions, Chester Springs, PA
Year: 1993
Price: 16.95
Comment: English translation of recent poems of Bulgarian poet and politician. Blaga Dimitrova was a chair of Bulgarian national assembly 1991-1993. Interest: Bulgarian poetry in 80-s and 90-s.
Title: The Bulgarian Umbrella: the Soviet direction and operations of the Bulgarian Secret Service in Europe
Author: Kostov, Vladimir
ISBN: 0312023871
Publisher: Saint Martin's Press, NY
Year: 1988
Price: $35.00
Comment: The book is dedicated to two assassinations, executed by Bulgarian Secret Service and directed by KGB. The first one was in London in 1978 and was successful - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident and writer was killed. The second one was later on the same year against the author of this book - Vladimir Kostov, former colonel from Bulgarian Secret Service, who defected to France several years earlier. Interest: Bulgarian Secret Service and its actions in Europe in 70-s and 80-s, Relations between KGB and Bulgarian Secret Service, Bulgaria in 70-s and 80-s, Bulgarian dissidents literature in 70-s and 80-s.
IV. BULGARIAN ECONOMY
Title: Doing Business in Bulgaria
Author: Sinclair, Roche
ISBN: 0749406895
Publisher: Kogan Page
Year: 1993
Price: $25.00
Comment: The book represents Bulgarian economy since 1989 and commercial law towards foreign investments. Interest: Business contacts with Bulgaria, Trade agreements between Bulgaria and different countries, Foreign investments in Bulgaria.
Title: Bulgaria, An Economic Assessment
Author:
ISBN: 926413753x
Publisher: Organization for Economic cooperation and Development
Year: 1992
Price: $32.00
Comment: The book represents an estimation of the economic development in Bulgaria since 1989. Interest: Bulgarian economy in postcommunist era, Business contacts with Bulgaria, Bulgarian business law.
Title: Bulgaria: Crisis and Transition to a Market Economy 2 vol.
Author:
ISBN: 0821318942
Publisher: World Bank
Year: 1991
Price: $11.95
Comment: The book describes Bulgarian economy in the last years of communist regime in Bulgaria and problems of transition to a market economy. Interest: Bulgarian Economy before 1989, Bulgarian law towards market economy, Problems in transition to a market economy in Bulgaria.
V. BULGARIA - ART, ARCHITECTURE, FOLKLORE, LIFE-STYLE
Title: Bulgaria in Pictures
Author:
ISBN: 0822418902
Publisher: Sterling Publishing Co. Inc.
Year: 1994
Price:
Comment: The book represents Bulgarian nature (mountains, sea, rivers), Bulgarian history (ancient cities, medieval castles, monasteries), contemporary Bulgarian cities, villages, resorts. Interest: East European studies, Travel in East Europe, Bulgaria in the past and present.
Title: Sofia, portrait of a city
Author: Ward, Philip
ISBN: 0906672651
Publisher: Oleander Press, NY
Year: 1993
Price: $19.95
Comment: The book presents old heritage of the capital of Bulgaria and its contemporary image. Interest: East European studies, Ancient Roman cities, Travel in East Europe.
Title: The Architectural Heritage on the Lands of Bulgaria
Author: Berbenliev, Peyo.
ISBN: 0569091756
Publisher: State Mutual Book and Periodical Service, Limited, NY
Year: 1988
Price: $300.00
Comment: The rich illustrated book introduces to the readers the architectural heritage of Bulgarian lands from ancient times till present. Interest: Roman Architecture, Architecture of Medieval Europe, Architecture in Bulgaria in 17th - 20th centuries.
Title: Wall Painting in Bulgaria: 9th to 19th centuries
Author: Prashkov, Lyuben.
ISBN: 0685344061
Publisher: State Mutual Book and Periodical Service, Limited, NY
Year: 1981
Price: $95.00
Comment: The book, written by leading Bulgarian restorer, presents not only pictures of famous wall paintings, but describes traditions in church and monastery wall painting, different painting schools and artists during the centuries. Interest: Wall painting, Church wall painting 9th-19th century, Pictures from Bulgarian history and society in wall paintings.
Title: Bulgarian Folk Costumes
Author: Veleva, Maria G.
ISBN: 0936922060
Publisher: Pittsburgh, Tamburitza Press
Year: 1982
Price: $5.00
Comment: The book presents a large variety of Bulgarian folk
costumes, classified by region, with detailed
explanation of their making. Interest: Folk costumes
in Bulgaria and East Europe, Bulgarian embroidery,
Traditional Bulgarian holidays.
Title: Life-styles for Long Life: Longevity in Bulgaria
Author: Hadjihristev, Argir.
ISBN: 0398054835
Publisher: Thomas Charles, IL
Year: 1988
Price: $29.50
Comment: The book studies different factors for longevity in Bulgaria: life in mountains, Bulgarian yogurt and cheese, etc. Interest: Style of life in Bulgarian mountains, Role of the food for longevity, Role of the nature for long-life.
Title: Thracian Art Treasures
Author: Venedikov, Ivan.
ISBN: 0686975960
Publisher: State Mutual Book and Periodical Service, Limited, Inc. NY
Year: 1979
Price: 69.00
Comment: The book represents remains of thracian art found in Bulgarian lands: treasures, jewelry, tombs with wall paintings, stone sculptures and bas-reliefs. Interest: Archaeology, Thracians, Thracian art, Thracian remains in Bulgaria.
Title: Treasures of Thrace
Author: Von Bulow, Gerda
ISBN: 0312816499
Publisher: Saint Martin's Press, Inc. NY
Year: 1988
Price: $4.98
Comment: The book represents golden and silver treasures, found in ancient Thrace: jewelry, dishes. Interest: Thracian treasures on the Balkans (Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey), Silver and golden jewelry in antiquity.
Title: May it Fill Your Soul: Experiencing Bulgarian Music
Author: Rice, Timothy
ISBN: 0226711218
Publisher: Pergamon Press
Year: 1994
Price:
Comment: The book presents Bulgarian folk music and dancing as a living tradition in Bulgaria. Contains some biographical data about folk singers and dancers and lists of records and CD-s with Bulgarian folk music. Interest: Folk music in Bulgaria, Folk customs in Bulgaria, Living tradition of folk singing and dancing in Bulgaria.
Title: Mystery of Bulgarian Voices
Author:
ISBN: 6301166965
Publisher: Baker & Taylor Video
Year: 1988
Price: $16.98
Comment: The CD presents performances of a Bulgarian women's choir for folk music. Interest: Folk music in Eastern Europe, Bulgarian Folk music.
Title: Pirin Bulgarian Folk Songs
Author:
ISBN: 6302102065
Publisher: Baker & Taylor Video
Year: 1991
Price: $15.98
Comment: The CD presents performances of a Pirin singing and dancing company. There are included songs from South- West part of Bulgaria (Pirin Macedonia). Interest: Balkan folk music, Macedonian and Bulgarian folk songs.
[Last updated: July 31, 1994]
Bibliography:
Crampton, Richard J., A Short History of Modern Bulgaria (1988) and Bulgaria (1990)
Curtis, Glenn E., ed., Bulgaria: A Country Study (1993)
European Communities Staff, Country Profile: Bulgaria (1991)
Lampe, John, The Bulgarian Economy in the 20th Century (1986)
Nicoloff, Assen, The Bulgarian Resurgence (1987)
OECD Staff, Bulgaria: An Economic Assessment (1992)
Ward, Philip, Bulgaria: A Travel Guide (1990)
Welsh, William A., Bulgaria (1993). FACTBOX Facts About Bulgaria
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